Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular weight sulfur-rich proteins, widely distributed in nature. They play a homeostatic role in the control and detoxification of metal ions. Previous studies indicated that MTs also have the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to invest...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:12155210529f4e898437fc1ccd7f4eda 2023-05-15T14:01:03+02:00 Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics Rigers Bakiu Francesco Boldrin Sara Pacchini Sophia Schumann Elisabetta Piva Anna Maria Tolomeo Diana Ferro Alessandro Grapputo Gianfranco Santovito Paola Irato 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111592 https://doaj.org/article/12155210529f4e898437fc1ccd7f4eda EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/11/1592 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse10111592 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/12155210529f4e898437fc1ccd7f4eda Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 10, Iss 1592, p 1592 (2022) adaptation Antarctica fish metallothioneins negative selection positive selection Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111592 2022-12-30T22:37:31Z Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular weight sulfur-rich proteins, widely distributed in nature. They play a homeostatic role in the control and detoxification of metal ions. Previous studies indicated that MTs also have the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to investigate the evolution of the protein in the notothenioid fish, evolved under the selective pressure of relatively high oxygen partial pressures, characteristics of cold Antarctic seawaters, and relatively high concentrations of metal ions, Cd and Cu in particular. The cDNA sequences of MT isoforms were characterized in members of the Nototheniidae, Bathydraconidae, Artedidraconidae, and Channichthyidae families. The phylogenetic relationships of MTs from these families and other teleosts were inferred by using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. The analysis of coding region and untranslated (UTR) sequences indicated the presence of two MT clades, each containing one of the two MT isoforms, MT-1 and MT-2. Our results indicated, for the first time for these proteins, that the evolution of MT genes has been characterized by strong purifying selection, whereas it did not observe any evidence of positive selection. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the UTRs suggested that functional changes, in particular related to the MT-1 gene expression, had accompanied the duplication event. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10 11 1592 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
adaptation Antarctica fish metallothioneins negative selection positive selection Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
adaptation Antarctica fish metallothioneins negative selection positive selection Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 Rigers Bakiu Francesco Boldrin Sara Pacchini Sophia Schumann Elisabetta Piva Anna Maria Tolomeo Diana Ferro Alessandro Grapputo Gianfranco Santovito Paola Irato Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
topic_facet |
adaptation Antarctica fish metallothioneins negative selection positive selection Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular weight sulfur-rich proteins, widely distributed in nature. They play a homeostatic role in the control and detoxification of metal ions. Previous studies indicated that MTs also have the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to investigate the evolution of the protein in the notothenioid fish, evolved under the selective pressure of relatively high oxygen partial pressures, characteristics of cold Antarctic seawaters, and relatively high concentrations of metal ions, Cd and Cu in particular. The cDNA sequences of MT isoforms were characterized in members of the Nototheniidae, Bathydraconidae, Artedidraconidae, and Channichthyidae families. The phylogenetic relationships of MTs from these families and other teleosts were inferred by using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. The analysis of coding region and untranslated (UTR) sequences indicated the presence of two MT clades, each containing one of the two MT isoforms, MT-1 and MT-2. Our results indicated, for the first time for these proteins, that the evolution of MT genes has been characterized by strong purifying selection, whereas it did not observe any evidence of positive selection. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the UTRs suggested that functional changes, in particular related to the MT-1 gene expression, had accompanied the duplication event. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rigers Bakiu Francesco Boldrin Sara Pacchini Sophia Schumann Elisabetta Piva Anna Maria Tolomeo Diana Ferro Alessandro Grapputo Gianfranco Santovito Paola Irato |
author_facet |
Rigers Bakiu Francesco Boldrin Sara Pacchini Sophia Schumann Elisabetta Piva Anna Maria Tolomeo Diana Ferro Alessandro Grapputo Gianfranco Santovito Paola Irato |
author_sort |
Rigers Bakiu |
title |
Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
title_short |
Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
title_full |
Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
title_fullStr |
Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
title_sort |
molecular evolution of metallothioneins of antarctic fish: a physiological adaptation to peculiar seawater chemical characteristics |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111592 https://doaj.org/article/12155210529f4e898437fc1ccd7f4eda |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_source |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 10, Iss 1592, p 1592 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/11/1592 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse10111592 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/12155210529f4e898437fc1ccd7f4eda |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111592 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
1592 |
_version_ |
1766270509829324800 |