The impact of salps (Salpa thompsoni) on the Antarctic krill population (Euphausia superba): an individual-based modelling study
Abstract Background Krill (Euphausia superba) and salps (Salpa thompsoni) are key macrozooplankton grazers in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. However, due to differing habitat requirements, both species previously exhibited little spatial overlap. With ongoing climate change-induced seawater temperatu...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:11fbdf07198640958ab689d9f0b9e883 2023-11-12T04:03:56+01:00 The impact of salps (Salpa thompsoni) on the Antarctic krill population (Euphausia superba): an individual-based modelling study Bruno Walter Pietzsch Aaron Schmidt Jürgen Groeneveld Dominik Bahlburg Bettina Meyer Uta Berger 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00462-9 https://doaj.org/article/11fbdf07198640958ab689d9f0b9e883 EN eng SpringerOpen https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00462-9 https://doaj.org/toc/2192-1709 doi:10.1186/s13717-023-00462-9 2192-1709 https://doaj.org/article/11fbdf07198640958ab689d9f0b9e883 Ecological Processes, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2023) Euphausia superba Salpa thompsoni Individual-based model Food competition Population dynamics DEB theory Ecology QH540-549.5 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00462-9 2023-10-22T00:43:19Z Abstract Background Krill (Euphausia superba) and salps (Salpa thompsoni) are key macrozooplankton grazers in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. However, due to differing habitat requirements, both species previously exhibited little spatial overlap. With ongoing climate change-induced seawater temperature increase and regional sea ice loss, salps can now extend their spatial distribution into historically krill-dominated areas and increase rapidly due to asexual reproduction when environmental conditions are favorable. Understanding the potential effects on krill is crucial, since krill is a species of exceptional trophic significance in the Southern Ocean food web. Negative impacts on krill could trigger cascading effects on its predators and prey. To address this question, we combined two individual-based models on salps and krill, which describe the whole life cycle of salp individuals and the dynamic energy budget of individual krill. The resulting new model PEKRIS (PErformance of KRIll vs. Salps) simulates a krill population for 100 years under varying chlorophyll-a concentrations in the presence or absence of salps. Results All of the investigated krill population properties (abundance, mean length, and yearly egg production) were significantly impacted by the presence of salps. On the other hand, salp density was not impacted if krill were present. The medians of krill population properties deviated during variable maximum chlorophyll-a density per year when salps were introduced by − 99.9% (− 234 individuals per 1000 m3) for krill density, − 100% (− 22,062 eggs per 1000 m3) for krill eggs and − 0.9% (− 0.3 mm) for mean length of krill. Conclusions If both species compete for the same food resource in a closed space, salps seem to inhibit krill populations. Further simulation studies should investigate whether this effect prevails if different phytoplankton sizes and consumption preferences of krill are implemented. Furthermore, direct predation of the two species or consumption of krill fecal pellets by ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Sea ice Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Ecological Processes 12 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Euphausia superba Salpa thompsoni Individual-based model Food competition Population dynamics DEB theory Ecology QH540-549.5 |
spellingShingle |
Euphausia superba Salpa thompsoni Individual-based model Food competition Population dynamics DEB theory Ecology QH540-549.5 Bruno Walter Pietzsch Aaron Schmidt Jürgen Groeneveld Dominik Bahlburg Bettina Meyer Uta Berger The impact of salps (Salpa thompsoni) on the Antarctic krill population (Euphausia superba): an individual-based modelling study |
topic_facet |
Euphausia superba Salpa thompsoni Individual-based model Food competition Population dynamics DEB theory Ecology QH540-549.5 |
description |
Abstract Background Krill (Euphausia superba) and salps (Salpa thompsoni) are key macrozooplankton grazers in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. However, due to differing habitat requirements, both species previously exhibited little spatial overlap. With ongoing climate change-induced seawater temperature increase and regional sea ice loss, salps can now extend their spatial distribution into historically krill-dominated areas and increase rapidly due to asexual reproduction when environmental conditions are favorable. Understanding the potential effects on krill is crucial, since krill is a species of exceptional trophic significance in the Southern Ocean food web. Negative impacts on krill could trigger cascading effects on its predators and prey. To address this question, we combined two individual-based models on salps and krill, which describe the whole life cycle of salp individuals and the dynamic energy budget of individual krill. The resulting new model PEKRIS (PErformance of KRIll vs. Salps) simulates a krill population for 100 years under varying chlorophyll-a concentrations in the presence or absence of salps. Results All of the investigated krill population properties (abundance, mean length, and yearly egg production) were significantly impacted by the presence of salps. On the other hand, salp density was not impacted if krill were present. The medians of krill population properties deviated during variable maximum chlorophyll-a density per year when salps were introduced by − 99.9% (− 234 individuals per 1000 m3) for krill density, − 100% (− 22,062 eggs per 1000 m3) for krill eggs and − 0.9% (− 0.3 mm) for mean length of krill. Conclusions If both species compete for the same food resource in a closed space, salps seem to inhibit krill populations. Further simulation studies should investigate whether this effect prevails if different phytoplankton sizes and consumption preferences of krill are implemented. Furthermore, direct predation of the two species or consumption of krill fecal pellets by ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bruno Walter Pietzsch Aaron Schmidt Jürgen Groeneveld Dominik Bahlburg Bettina Meyer Uta Berger |
author_facet |
Bruno Walter Pietzsch Aaron Schmidt Jürgen Groeneveld Dominik Bahlburg Bettina Meyer Uta Berger |
author_sort |
Bruno Walter Pietzsch |
title |
The impact of salps (Salpa thompsoni) on the Antarctic krill population (Euphausia superba): an individual-based modelling study |
title_short |
The impact of salps (Salpa thompsoni) on the Antarctic krill population (Euphausia superba): an individual-based modelling study |
title_full |
The impact of salps (Salpa thompsoni) on the Antarctic krill population (Euphausia superba): an individual-based modelling study |
title_fullStr |
The impact of salps (Salpa thompsoni) on the Antarctic krill population (Euphausia superba): an individual-based modelling study |
title_full_unstemmed |
The impact of salps (Salpa thompsoni) on the Antarctic krill population (Euphausia superba): an individual-based modelling study |
title_sort |
impact of salps (salpa thompsoni) on the antarctic krill population (euphausia superba): an individual-based modelling study |
publisher |
SpringerOpen |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00462-9 https://doaj.org/article/11fbdf07198640958ab689d9f0b9e883 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Ecological Processes, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00462-9 https://doaj.org/toc/2192-1709 doi:10.1186/s13717-023-00462-9 2192-1709 https://doaj.org/article/11fbdf07198640958ab689d9f0b9e883 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00462-9 |
container_title |
Ecological Processes |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1782339739073904640 |