Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens
Spawning market squid lay embryo capsules on the seafloor of the continental shelf of the California Current System (CCS), where ocean acidification, deoxygenation and intensified upwelling lower the pH and [O2]. Squid statolith geochemistry has been shown to reflect the squid’s environment (e.g., s...
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2014
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:10dad1463d3e4ab9bb482959b5348176 2023-05-15T17:51:57+02:00 Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens Michael O. Navarro Emily E. Bockmon Christina A. Frieder Jennifer P. Gonzalez Lisa A. Levin 2014-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082233 https://doaj.org/article/10dad1463d3e4ab9bb482959b5348176 EN eng MDPI AG http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/6/8/2233 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 2073-4441 doi:10.3390/w6082233 https://doaj.org/article/10dad1463d3e4ab9bb482959b5348176 Water, Vol 6, Iss 8, Pp 2233-2254 (2014) market squid statolith geochemistry deoxygenation acidification intensified upwelling climate change uranium Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082233 2023-01-08T01:28:10Z Spawning market squid lay embryo capsules on the seafloor of the continental shelf of the California Current System (CCS), where ocean acidification, deoxygenation and intensified upwelling lower the pH and [O2]. Squid statolith geochemistry has been shown to reflect the squid’s environment (e.g., seawater temperature and elemental concentration). We used real-world environmental levels of pH and [O2] observed on squid-embryo beds to test in the laboratory whether or not squid statolith geochemistry reflects environmental pH and [O2]. We asked whether pH and [O2] levels might affect the incorporation of element ratios (B:Ca, Mg:Ca, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, Pb:Ca, U:Ca) into squid embryonic statoliths as (1) individual elements and/or (2) multivariate elemental signatures, and consider future applications as proxies for pH and [O2] exposure. Embryo exposure to high and low pH and [O2] alone and together during development over four weeks only moderately affected elemental concentrations of the statoliths, and uranium was an important element driving these differences. Uranium:Ca was eight-times higher in statoliths exposed to low pHT (7.57–7.58) and low [O2] (79–82 µmol·kg−1) than those exposed to higher ambient pHT (7.92–7.94) and [O2] (241–243 µmol·kg−1). In a separate experiment, exposure to low pHT (7.55–7.56) or low [O2] (83–86 µmol·kg−1) yielded elevated U:Ca and Sr:Ca in the low [O2] treatment only. We found capsular effects on multiple elements in statoliths of all treatments. The multivariate elemental signatures of embryonic statoliths were distinct among capsules, but did not reflect environmental factors (pH and/or [O2]). We show that statoliths of squid embryos developing inside capsules have the potential to reflect environmental pH and [O2], but that these “signals” are generated in concert with the physiological effects of the capsules and embryos themselves. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Water 6 8 2233 2254 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
market squid statolith geochemistry deoxygenation acidification intensified upwelling climate change uranium Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 |
spellingShingle |
market squid statolith geochemistry deoxygenation acidification intensified upwelling climate change uranium Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Michael O. Navarro Emily E. Bockmon Christina A. Frieder Jennifer P. Gonzalez Lisa A. Levin Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
topic_facet |
market squid statolith geochemistry deoxygenation acidification intensified upwelling climate change uranium Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 |
description |
Spawning market squid lay embryo capsules on the seafloor of the continental shelf of the California Current System (CCS), where ocean acidification, deoxygenation and intensified upwelling lower the pH and [O2]. Squid statolith geochemistry has been shown to reflect the squid’s environment (e.g., seawater temperature and elemental concentration). We used real-world environmental levels of pH and [O2] observed on squid-embryo beds to test in the laboratory whether or not squid statolith geochemistry reflects environmental pH and [O2]. We asked whether pH and [O2] levels might affect the incorporation of element ratios (B:Ca, Mg:Ca, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, Pb:Ca, U:Ca) into squid embryonic statoliths as (1) individual elements and/or (2) multivariate elemental signatures, and consider future applications as proxies for pH and [O2] exposure. Embryo exposure to high and low pH and [O2] alone and together during development over four weeks only moderately affected elemental concentrations of the statoliths, and uranium was an important element driving these differences. Uranium:Ca was eight-times higher in statoliths exposed to low pHT (7.57–7.58) and low [O2] (79–82 µmol·kg−1) than those exposed to higher ambient pHT (7.92–7.94) and [O2] (241–243 µmol·kg−1). In a separate experiment, exposure to low pHT (7.55–7.56) or low [O2] (83–86 µmol·kg−1) yielded elevated U:Ca and Sr:Ca in the low [O2] treatment only. We found capsular effects on multiple elements in statoliths of all treatments. The multivariate elemental signatures of embryonic statoliths were distinct among capsules, but did not reflect environmental factors (pH and/or [O2]). We show that statoliths of squid embryos developing inside capsules have the potential to reflect environmental pH and [O2], but that these “signals” are generated in concert with the physiological effects of the capsules and embryos themselves. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Michael O. Navarro Emily E. Bockmon Christina A. Frieder Jennifer P. Gonzalez Lisa A. Levin |
author_facet |
Michael O. Navarro Emily E. Bockmon Christina A. Frieder Jennifer P. Gonzalez Lisa A. Levin |
author_sort |
Michael O. Navarro |
title |
Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
title_short |
Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
title_full |
Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
title_fullStr |
Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
title_sort |
environmental ph, o2 and capsular effects on the geochemical composition of statoliths of embryonic squid doryteuthis opalescens |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082233 https://doaj.org/article/10dad1463d3e4ab9bb482959b5348176 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Water, Vol 6, Iss 8, Pp 2233-2254 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/6/8/2233 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 2073-4441 doi:10.3390/w6082233 https://doaj.org/article/10dad1463d3e4ab9bb482959b5348176 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082233 |
container_title |
Water |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
8 |
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2233 |
op_container_end_page |
2254 |
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1766159245628145664 |