Immune Priming of Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) to Induce Resistance to Ostreid herpesvirus 1 : Comparison of Infectious and Inactivated OsHV-1 with Poly I:C
Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), which is caused by Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), causes economic losses in Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) aquaculture in many countries. Reducing the mortality in disease outbreaks requires changing the host, pathogen and environment interactions to...
Published in: | Viruses |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091943 https://doaj.org/article/10a7ac1f5ee34a2d89a64301b04e7e02 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:10a7ac1f5ee34a2d89a64301b04e7e02 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:10a7ac1f5ee34a2d89a64301b04e7e02 2023-10-29T02:35:46+01:00 Immune Priming of Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) to Induce Resistance to Ostreid herpesvirus 1 : Comparison of Infectious and Inactivated OsHV-1 with Poly I:C Maximilian de Kantzow Paul M. Hick Richard J. Whittington 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091943 https://doaj.org/article/10a7ac1f5ee34a2d89a64301b04e7e02 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/9/1943 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v15091943 1999-4915 https://doaj.org/article/10a7ac1f5ee34a2d89a64301b04e7e02 Viruses, Vol 15, Iss 1943, p 1943 (2023) Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas immunity resistance susceptibility Microbiology QR1-502 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091943 2023-10-01T00:36:39Z Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), which is caused by Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), causes economic losses in Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) aquaculture in many countries. Reducing the mortality in disease outbreaks requires changing the host, pathogen and environment interactions to favor the host. Survivors of natural exposure to OsHV-1 are able to survive subsequent outbreaks. This has been replicated under laboratory conditions, suggesting the existence of an immune response. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of prior exposure to infectious OsHV-1, heat-inactivated OsHV-1 and the chemical anti-viral immune stimulant poly I:C on mortality following exposure to virulent OsHV-1. All treatments were administered by intramuscular injection. Oysters were maintained at 18 °C for 14 days; then, the temperature was increased to 22 °C and the oysters were challenged with virulent OsHV-1. Heat-inactivated OsHV-1, infectious OsHV-1 and poly I:C all induced significant protection against mortality, with the hazard of death being 0.41, 0.18 and 0.02, respectively, compared to the controls, which had no immune priming. The replication of OsHV-1 on first exposure was not required to induce a protective response. While the underlying mechanisms for protection remain to be elucidated, conditioning for resistance to POMS by prior exposure to inactivated or infectious OsHV-1 may have practical applications in oyster farming but requires further development to optimize the dose and delivery mechanism and evaluate the duration of protection. Article in Journal/Newspaper Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Viruses 15 9 1943 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas immunity resistance susceptibility Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas immunity resistance susceptibility Microbiology QR1-502 Maximilian de Kantzow Paul M. Hick Richard J. Whittington Immune Priming of Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) to Induce Resistance to Ostreid herpesvirus 1 : Comparison of Infectious and Inactivated OsHV-1 with Poly I:C |
topic_facet |
Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas immunity resistance susceptibility Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), which is caused by Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), causes economic losses in Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) aquaculture in many countries. Reducing the mortality in disease outbreaks requires changing the host, pathogen and environment interactions to favor the host. Survivors of natural exposure to OsHV-1 are able to survive subsequent outbreaks. This has been replicated under laboratory conditions, suggesting the existence of an immune response. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of prior exposure to infectious OsHV-1, heat-inactivated OsHV-1 and the chemical anti-viral immune stimulant poly I:C on mortality following exposure to virulent OsHV-1. All treatments were administered by intramuscular injection. Oysters were maintained at 18 °C for 14 days; then, the temperature was increased to 22 °C and the oysters were challenged with virulent OsHV-1. Heat-inactivated OsHV-1, infectious OsHV-1 and poly I:C all induced significant protection against mortality, with the hazard of death being 0.41, 0.18 and 0.02, respectively, compared to the controls, which had no immune priming. The replication of OsHV-1 on first exposure was not required to induce a protective response. While the underlying mechanisms for protection remain to be elucidated, conditioning for resistance to POMS by prior exposure to inactivated or infectious OsHV-1 may have practical applications in oyster farming but requires further development to optimize the dose and delivery mechanism and evaluate the duration of protection. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Maximilian de Kantzow Paul M. Hick Richard J. Whittington |
author_facet |
Maximilian de Kantzow Paul M. Hick Richard J. Whittington |
author_sort |
Maximilian de Kantzow |
title |
Immune Priming of Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) to Induce Resistance to Ostreid herpesvirus 1 : Comparison of Infectious and Inactivated OsHV-1 with Poly I:C |
title_short |
Immune Priming of Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) to Induce Resistance to Ostreid herpesvirus 1 : Comparison of Infectious and Inactivated OsHV-1 with Poly I:C |
title_full |
Immune Priming of Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) to Induce Resistance to Ostreid herpesvirus 1 : Comparison of Infectious and Inactivated OsHV-1 with Poly I:C |
title_fullStr |
Immune Priming of Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) to Induce Resistance to Ostreid herpesvirus 1 : Comparison of Infectious and Inactivated OsHV-1 with Poly I:C |
title_full_unstemmed |
Immune Priming of Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) to Induce Resistance to Ostreid herpesvirus 1 : Comparison of Infectious and Inactivated OsHV-1 with Poly I:C |
title_sort |
immune priming of pacific oysters ( crassostrea gigas ) to induce resistance to ostreid herpesvirus 1 : comparison of infectious and inactivated oshv-1 with poly i:c |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091943 https://doaj.org/article/10a7ac1f5ee34a2d89a64301b04e7e02 |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
op_source |
Viruses, Vol 15, Iss 1943, p 1943 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/9/1943 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v15091943 1999-4915 https://doaj.org/article/10a7ac1f5ee34a2d89a64301b04e7e02 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091943 |
container_title |
Viruses |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1943 |
_version_ |
1781059181757857792 |