New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic
The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Port...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:10982903f9f241d7b83d8e13289ebbda 2023-05-15T17:28:21+02:00 New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos Amparo Alfonso Joana Azevedo Paula Rodriguez Paz Otero Aldo Barreiro Marisa Silva 2013-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 https://doaj.org/article/10982903f9f241d7b83d8e13289ebbda EN eng MDPI AG http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/11/6/1936 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397 doi:10.3390/md11061936 1660-3397 https://doaj.org/article/10982903f9f241d7b83d8e13289ebbda Marine Drugs, Vol 11, Iss 6, Pp 1936-1960 (2013) new vectors PST okadaic acid spirolides North Atlantic Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 2022-12-30T20:07:43Z The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Portuguese coast were surveyed between 2009 and 2010 for three distinct biotoxin groups [saxitoxin (PST), spirolide (SPX) and okadaic acid (OA)], in 14 benthic species of mollusks and echinoderms. Our main goals were to detect new vectors and unravel the seasonal and geographical patterns of these toxins. PSTs were analyzed by the Lawrence method, SPXs by LC-MS/MS, and OA by LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. We report 16 new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic. There were differences in toxin contents among species, but no significant geographical or seasonal patterns were found. Our results suggest that legislation should be adjusted to extend the monitoring of marine toxins to a wider range of species besides edible bivalves. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Marine Drugs 11 6 1936 1960 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
new vectors PST okadaic acid spirolides North Atlantic Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
new vectors PST okadaic acid spirolides North Atlantic Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos Amparo Alfonso Joana Azevedo Paula Rodriguez Paz Otero Aldo Barreiro Marisa Silva New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
topic_facet |
new vectors PST okadaic acid spirolides North Atlantic Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Portuguese coast were surveyed between 2009 and 2010 for three distinct biotoxin groups [saxitoxin (PST), spirolide (SPX) and okadaic acid (OA)], in 14 benthic species of mollusks and echinoderms. Our main goals were to detect new vectors and unravel the seasonal and geographical patterns of these toxins. PSTs were analyzed by the Lawrence method, SPXs by LC-MS/MS, and OA by LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. We report 16 new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic. There were differences in toxin contents among species, but no significant geographical or seasonal patterns were found. Our results suggest that legislation should be adjusted to extend the monitoring of marine toxins to a wider range of species besides edible bivalves. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos Amparo Alfonso Joana Azevedo Paula Rodriguez Paz Otero Aldo Barreiro Marisa Silva |
author_facet |
Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos Amparo Alfonso Joana Azevedo Paula Rodriguez Paz Otero Aldo Barreiro Marisa Silva |
author_sort |
Luis M. Botana |
title |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_short |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_full |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_fullStr |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_full_unstemmed |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_sort |
new invertebrate vectors for pst, spirolides and okadaic acid in the north atlantic |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 https://doaj.org/article/10982903f9f241d7b83d8e13289ebbda |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Marine Drugs, Vol 11, Iss 6, Pp 1936-1960 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/11/6/1936 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397 doi:10.3390/md11061936 1660-3397 https://doaj.org/article/10982903f9f241d7b83d8e13289ebbda |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 |
container_title |
Marine Drugs |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1936 |
op_container_end_page |
1960 |
_version_ |
1766120986088833024 |