Technical note: An autonomous flow-through salinity and temperature perturbation mesocosm system for multi-stressor experiments
The rapid environmental changes in aquatic systems as a result of anthropogenic forcings are creating a multitude of challenging conditions for organisms and communities. The need to better understand the interaction of environmental stressors now, and in the future, is fundamental to determining th...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:10283e7a669a4539be637df39cbf64b8 2024-02-11T10:01:42+01:00 Technical note: An autonomous flow-through salinity and temperature perturbation mesocosm system for multi-stressor experiments C. A. Miller P. Urrutti J.-P. Gattuso S. Comeau A. Lebrun S. Alliouane R. W. Schlegel F. Gazeau 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-315-2024 https://doaj.org/article/10283e7a669a4539be637df39cbf64b8 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/315/2024/bg-21-315-2024.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-21-315-2024 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/10283e7a669a4539be637df39cbf64b8 Biogeosciences, Vol 21, Pp 315-333 (2024) Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-315-2024 2024-01-21T01:40:35Z The rapid environmental changes in aquatic systems as a result of anthropogenic forcings are creating a multitude of challenging conditions for organisms and communities. The need to better understand the interaction of environmental stressors now, and in the future, is fundamental to determining the response of ecosystems to these perturbations. This work describes an automated ex situ mesocosm perturbation system that can manipulate several variables of aquatic media in a controlled setting. This perturbation system was deployed in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard); within this system, ambient water from the fjord was heated and mixed with freshwater in a multifactorial design to investigate the response of mixed-kelp communities in mesocosms to projected future Arctic conditions. The system employed an automated dynamic offset scenario in which a nominal temperature increase was programmed as a set value above real-time ambient conditions in order to simulate future warming. A freshening component was applied in a similar manner: a decrease in salinity was coupled to track the temperature offset based on a temperature–salinity relationship in the fjord. The system functioned as an automated mixing manifold that adjusted flow rates of warmed and chilled ambient seawater, with unmanipulated ambient seawater and freshwater delivered as a single source of mixed media to individual mesocosms. These conditions were maintained via continuously measured temperature and salinity in 12 mesocosms (1 control and 3 treatments, all in triplicate) for 54 d. System regulation was robust, as median deviations from nominal conditions were < 0.15 for both temperature ( ∘ C) and salinity across the three replicates per treatment. Regulation further improved during a second deployment that mimicked three marine heat wave scenarios in which a dynamic temperature regulation held median deviations to < 0.036 ∘ C from the nominal value for all treatment conditions and replicates. This perturbation system has the potential to be ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Svalbard Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Svalbard Biogeosciences 21 1 315 333 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 C. A. Miller P. Urrutti J.-P. Gattuso S. Comeau A. Lebrun S. Alliouane R. W. Schlegel F. Gazeau Technical note: An autonomous flow-through salinity and temperature perturbation mesocosm system for multi-stressor experiments |
topic_facet |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
The rapid environmental changes in aquatic systems as a result of anthropogenic forcings are creating a multitude of challenging conditions for organisms and communities. The need to better understand the interaction of environmental stressors now, and in the future, is fundamental to determining the response of ecosystems to these perturbations. This work describes an automated ex situ mesocosm perturbation system that can manipulate several variables of aquatic media in a controlled setting. This perturbation system was deployed in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard); within this system, ambient water from the fjord was heated and mixed with freshwater in a multifactorial design to investigate the response of mixed-kelp communities in mesocosms to projected future Arctic conditions. The system employed an automated dynamic offset scenario in which a nominal temperature increase was programmed as a set value above real-time ambient conditions in order to simulate future warming. A freshening component was applied in a similar manner: a decrease in salinity was coupled to track the temperature offset based on a temperature–salinity relationship in the fjord. The system functioned as an automated mixing manifold that adjusted flow rates of warmed and chilled ambient seawater, with unmanipulated ambient seawater and freshwater delivered as a single source of mixed media to individual mesocosms. These conditions were maintained via continuously measured temperature and salinity in 12 mesocosms (1 control and 3 treatments, all in triplicate) for 54 d. System regulation was robust, as median deviations from nominal conditions were < 0.15 for both temperature ( ∘ C) and salinity across the three replicates per treatment. Regulation further improved during a second deployment that mimicked three marine heat wave scenarios in which a dynamic temperature regulation held median deviations to < 0.036 ∘ C from the nominal value for all treatment conditions and replicates. This perturbation system has the potential to be ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
C. A. Miller P. Urrutti J.-P. Gattuso S. Comeau A. Lebrun S. Alliouane R. W. Schlegel F. Gazeau |
author_facet |
C. A. Miller P. Urrutti J.-P. Gattuso S. Comeau A. Lebrun S. Alliouane R. W. Schlegel F. Gazeau |
author_sort |
C. A. Miller |
title |
Technical note: An autonomous flow-through salinity and temperature perturbation mesocosm system for multi-stressor experiments |
title_short |
Technical note: An autonomous flow-through salinity and temperature perturbation mesocosm system for multi-stressor experiments |
title_full |
Technical note: An autonomous flow-through salinity and temperature perturbation mesocosm system for multi-stressor experiments |
title_fullStr |
Technical note: An autonomous flow-through salinity and temperature perturbation mesocosm system for multi-stressor experiments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Technical note: An autonomous flow-through salinity and temperature perturbation mesocosm system for multi-stressor experiments |
title_sort |
technical note: an autonomous flow-through salinity and temperature perturbation mesocosm system for multi-stressor experiments |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-315-2024 https://doaj.org/article/10283e7a669a4539be637df39cbf64b8 |
geographic |
Arctic Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Svalbard |
op_source |
Biogeosciences, Vol 21, Pp 315-333 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/315/2024/bg-21-315-2024.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-21-315-2024 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/10283e7a669a4539be637df39cbf64b8 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-315-2024 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
315 |
op_container_end_page |
333 |
_version_ |
1790597508960878592 |