Recent Sea Level Change in the Black Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Observations
Global mean sea level has been rising at an increasing rate, especially since the early 19th century in response to ocean thermal expansion and ice sheet melting. The possible consequences of sea level rise pose a significant threat to coastal cities, inhabitants, infrastructure, wetlands, ecosystem...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:0e3a8fb7d8e04eeb938f199456917967 2023-05-15T16:41:28+02:00 Recent Sea Level Change in the Black Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Observations Nevin Betül Avşar Şenol Hakan Kutoğlu 2020-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030185 https://doaj.org/article/0e3a8fb7d8e04eeb938f199456917967 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/3/185 https://doaj.org/toc/2220-9964 2220-9964 doi:10.3390/ijgi9030185 https://doaj.org/article/0e3a8fb7d8e04eeb938f199456917967 ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 9, Iss 3, p 185 (2020) black sea sea level change tide gauge satellite altimetry gnss Geography (General) G1-922 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030185 2022-12-31T10:28:39Z Global mean sea level has been rising at an increasing rate, especially since the early 19th century in response to ocean thermal expansion and ice sheet melting. The possible consequences of sea level rise pose a significant threat to coastal cities, inhabitants, infrastructure, wetlands, ecosystems, and beaches. Sea level changes are not geographically uniform. This study focuses on present-day sea level changes in the Black Sea using satellite altimetry and tide gauge data. The multi-mission gridded satellite altimetry data from January 1993 to May 2017 indicated a mean rate of sea level rise of 2.5 ± 0.5 mm/year over the entire Black Sea. However, when considering the dominant cycles of the Black Sea level time series, an apparent (significant) variation was seen until 2014, and the rise in the mean sea level has been estimated at about 3.2 ± 0.6 mm/year. Coastal sea level, which was assessed using the available data from 12 tide gauge stations, has generally risen (except for the Bourgas Station). For instance, from the western coast to the southern coast of the Black Sea, in Constantza, Sevastopol, Tuapse, Batumi, Trabzon, Amasra, Sile, and Igneada, the relative rise was 3.02, 1.56, 2.92, 3.52, 2.33, 3.43, 5.03, and 6.94 mm/year, respectively, for varying periods over 1922−2014. The highest and lowest rises in the mean level of the Black Sea were in Poti (7.01 mm/year) and in Varna (1.53 mm/year), respectively. Measurements from six Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations, which are very close to the tide gauges, also suggest that there were significant vertical land movements at some tide gauge locations. This study confirmed that according to the obtained average annual phase value of sea level observations, seasonal sea level variations in the Black Sea reach their maximum annual amplitude in May−June. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Sheet Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9 3 185 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
black sea sea level change tide gauge satellite altimetry gnss Geography (General) G1-922 |
spellingShingle |
black sea sea level change tide gauge satellite altimetry gnss Geography (General) G1-922 Nevin Betül Avşar Şenol Hakan Kutoğlu Recent Sea Level Change in the Black Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Observations |
topic_facet |
black sea sea level change tide gauge satellite altimetry gnss Geography (General) G1-922 |
description |
Global mean sea level has been rising at an increasing rate, especially since the early 19th century in response to ocean thermal expansion and ice sheet melting. The possible consequences of sea level rise pose a significant threat to coastal cities, inhabitants, infrastructure, wetlands, ecosystems, and beaches. Sea level changes are not geographically uniform. This study focuses on present-day sea level changes in the Black Sea using satellite altimetry and tide gauge data. The multi-mission gridded satellite altimetry data from January 1993 to May 2017 indicated a mean rate of sea level rise of 2.5 ± 0.5 mm/year over the entire Black Sea. However, when considering the dominant cycles of the Black Sea level time series, an apparent (significant) variation was seen until 2014, and the rise in the mean sea level has been estimated at about 3.2 ± 0.6 mm/year. Coastal sea level, which was assessed using the available data from 12 tide gauge stations, has generally risen (except for the Bourgas Station). For instance, from the western coast to the southern coast of the Black Sea, in Constantza, Sevastopol, Tuapse, Batumi, Trabzon, Amasra, Sile, and Igneada, the relative rise was 3.02, 1.56, 2.92, 3.52, 2.33, 3.43, 5.03, and 6.94 mm/year, respectively, for varying periods over 1922−2014. The highest and lowest rises in the mean level of the Black Sea were in Poti (7.01 mm/year) and in Varna (1.53 mm/year), respectively. Measurements from six Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations, which are very close to the tide gauges, also suggest that there were significant vertical land movements at some tide gauge locations. This study confirmed that according to the obtained average annual phase value of sea level observations, seasonal sea level variations in the Black Sea reach their maximum annual amplitude in May−June. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nevin Betül Avşar Şenol Hakan Kutoğlu |
author_facet |
Nevin Betül Avşar Şenol Hakan Kutoğlu |
author_sort |
Nevin Betül Avşar |
title |
Recent Sea Level Change in the Black Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Observations |
title_short |
Recent Sea Level Change in the Black Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Observations |
title_full |
Recent Sea Level Change in the Black Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Observations |
title_fullStr |
Recent Sea Level Change in the Black Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Observations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Recent Sea Level Change in the Black Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Observations |
title_sort |
recent sea level change in the black sea from satellite altimetry and tide gauge observations |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030185 https://doaj.org/article/0e3a8fb7d8e04eeb938f199456917967 |
genre |
Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet |
op_source |
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 9, Iss 3, p 185 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/9/3/185 https://doaj.org/toc/2220-9964 2220-9964 doi:10.3390/ijgi9030185 https://doaj.org/article/0e3a8fb7d8e04eeb938f199456917967 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030185 |
container_title |
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
185 |
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1766031895107207168 |