Designation of Marine Protected Areas (issues of international law)
INTRODUCTION. Treaty and customary rules of International Law of the Sea provide for the duty of States to protect and preserve the marine environment, using for this purpose “the best” means. States shall also cooperate in elaborating legal mechanisms for the protection and preservation of the mari...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:0e186976ba504755953893765431af8d 2023-12-03T10:11:13+01:00 Designation of Marine Protected Areas (issues of international law) A. N. Vylegzhanin E. F. Pushkareva 2019-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2019-3-22-46 https://doaj.org/article/0e186976ba504755953893765431af8d EN RU eng rus Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/317 https://doaj.org/toc/0869-0049 https://doaj.org/toc/2619-0893 0869-0049 2619-0893 doi:10.24833/0869-0049-2019-3-22-46 https://doaj.org/article/0e186976ba504755953893765431af8d Московский журнал международного права, Vol 0, Iss 3, Pp 22-46 (2019) marine protected areas international law of the sea international environmental law protection and conservation of the marine environment the arctic legal regime the arctic law the antarctic legal regime conservation of marine biodiversity marine spatial planning Law of nations KZ2-6785 Comparative law. International uniform law K520-5582 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2019-3-22-46 2023-11-05T01:42:20Z INTRODUCTION. Treaty and customary rules of International Law of the Sea provide for the duty of States to protect and preserve the marine environment, using for this purpose “the best” means. States shall also cooperate in elaborating legal mechanisms for the protection and preservation of the marine environment on a universal, regional or bilateral basis. Universal treaty sources of modern international law, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (UNCLOS), among other numerous rules on protection and preservation of the marine environment, provide for the adoption by the coastal states more stringent ecological laws and regulations in “clearly defined” areas. Different terms are used for designating such areas in UNCLOS and other international instruments such as Convention for the Prevention of Pollution by Ships, 1973 modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 1973/78); Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992; the Protocols adopted by the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP); documents of International Maritime Organization (IMO). Such terms are used: “special areas”; “marine protected areas”; “marine protected territories”; “particularly sensitive areas”. Not all these terms are used in UNCLOS and none of them is defined by the rules of this convention. Convention on Biological Diversity provides for the definition of “marine protected areas”, but only for the purpose of conservation of biodiversity. This paper addresses optional approaches to interpreting rules of international law which are relevant to marine protected areas and practice of states in designating such areas, first and foremost, in the waters of Arctic and Antarctic, where the consequences of marine pollution might be irreversible.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This paper demonstrates the evolving legal basis of international cooperation of states in establishing marine protected areas beginning from the text of the Washington convention of 1926, materials of the Committee of Experts of the League of Nations, the Convention for the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Law of the Sea Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic Moscow Journal of International Law 2019 3 22 46 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English Russian |
topic |
marine protected areas international law of the sea international environmental law protection and conservation of the marine environment the arctic legal regime the arctic law the antarctic legal regime conservation of marine biodiversity marine spatial planning Law of nations KZ2-6785 Comparative law. International uniform law K520-5582 |
spellingShingle |
marine protected areas international law of the sea international environmental law protection and conservation of the marine environment the arctic legal regime the arctic law the antarctic legal regime conservation of marine biodiversity marine spatial planning Law of nations KZ2-6785 Comparative law. International uniform law K520-5582 A. N. Vylegzhanin E. F. Pushkareva Designation of Marine Protected Areas (issues of international law) |
topic_facet |
marine protected areas international law of the sea international environmental law protection and conservation of the marine environment the arctic legal regime the arctic law the antarctic legal regime conservation of marine biodiversity marine spatial planning Law of nations KZ2-6785 Comparative law. International uniform law K520-5582 |
description |
INTRODUCTION. Treaty and customary rules of International Law of the Sea provide for the duty of States to protect and preserve the marine environment, using for this purpose “the best” means. States shall also cooperate in elaborating legal mechanisms for the protection and preservation of the marine environment on a universal, regional or bilateral basis. Universal treaty sources of modern international law, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (UNCLOS), among other numerous rules on protection and preservation of the marine environment, provide for the adoption by the coastal states more stringent ecological laws and regulations in “clearly defined” areas. Different terms are used for designating such areas in UNCLOS and other international instruments such as Convention for the Prevention of Pollution by Ships, 1973 modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 1973/78); Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992; the Protocols adopted by the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP); documents of International Maritime Organization (IMO). Such terms are used: “special areas”; “marine protected areas”; “marine protected territories”; “particularly sensitive areas”. Not all these terms are used in UNCLOS and none of them is defined by the rules of this convention. Convention on Biological Diversity provides for the definition of “marine protected areas”, but only for the purpose of conservation of biodiversity. This paper addresses optional approaches to interpreting rules of international law which are relevant to marine protected areas and practice of states in designating such areas, first and foremost, in the waters of Arctic and Antarctic, where the consequences of marine pollution might be irreversible.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This paper demonstrates the evolving legal basis of international cooperation of states in establishing marine protected areas beginning from the text of the Washington convention of 1926, materials of the Committee of Experts of the League of Nations, the Convention for the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
A. N. Vylegzhanin E. F. Pushkareva |
author_facet |
A. N. Vylegzhanin E. F. Pushkareva |
author_sort |
A. N. Vylegzhanin |
title |
Designation of Marine Protected Areas (issues of international law) |
title_short |
Designation of Marine Protected Areas (issues of international law) |
title_full |
Designation of Marine Protected Areas (issues of international law) |
title_fullStr |
Designation of Marine Protected Areas (issues of international law) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Designation of Marine Protected Areas (issues of international law) |
title_sort |
designation of marine protected areas (issues of international law) |
publisher |
Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2019-3-22-46 https://doaj.org/article/0e186976ba504755953893765431af8d |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Law of the Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Law of the Sea |
op_source |
Московский журнал международного права, Vol 0, Iss 3, Pp 22-46 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/317 https://doaj.org/toc/0869-0049 https://doaj.org/toc/2619-0893 0869-0049 2619-0893 doi:10.24833/0869-0049-2019-3-22-46 https://doaj.org/article/0e186976ba504755953893765431af8d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2019-3-22-46 |
container_title |
Moscow Journal of International Law |
container_volume |
2019 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
22 |
op_container_end_page |
46 |
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1784276515996827648 |