Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis.
Ocean acidification threatens to disrupt interactions between organisms throughout marine ecosystems. The diversity of reef-building organisms decreases as seawater CO2 increases along natural gradients, yet soft-bodied animals, such as sea anemones, are often resilient. We sequenced the polyA-enric...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:0c7aeaecbd16490ea7eb05206ed92230 2023-05-15T17:50:00+02:00 Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. Ilona Urbarova Sylvain Forêt Mikael Dahl Åse Emblem Marco Milazzo Jason M Hall-Spencer Steinar D Johansen 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 https://doaj.org/article/0c7aeaecbd16490ea7eb05206ed92230 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 https://doaj.org/article/0c7aeaecbd16490ea7eb05206ed92230 PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 5, p e0210358 (2019) Medicine R Science Q article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 2022-12-31T07:06:38Z Ocean acidification threatens to disrupt interactions between organisms throughout marine ecosystems. The diversity of reef-building organisms decreases as seawater CO2 increases along natural gradients, yet soft-bodied animals, such as sea anemones, are often resilient. We sequenced the polyA-enriched transcriptome of adult sea anemone Anemonia viridis and its dinoflagellate symbiont sampled along a natural CO2 gradient in Italy to assess stress levels in these organisms. We found that about 3.1% of the anemone transcripts, but <1% of the Symbiodinium sp. transcripts were differentially expressed. Processes enriched at high seawater CO2 were linked to cellular stress and inflammation, including significant up-regulation of protective cellular functions and down-regulation of metabolic pathways. Transposable elements were differentially expressed at high seawater CO2, with an extreme up-regulation (> 100-fold) of the BEL-family of long terminal repeat retrotransposons. Seawater acidified by CO2 generated a significant stress reaction in A. viridis, but no bleaching was observed and Symbiodinium sp. appeared to be less affected. These observed changes indicate the mechanisms by which A. viridis acclimate to survive chronic exposure to ocean acidification conditions. We conclude that many organisms that are common in acidified conditions may nevertheless incur costs due to hypercapnia and/or lowered carbonate saturation states. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLOS ONE 14 5 e0210358 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Ilona Urbarova Sylvain Forêt Mikael Dahl Åse Emblem Marco Milazzo Jason M Hall-Spencer Steinar D Johansen Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Ocean acidification threatens to disrupt interactions between organisms throughout marine ecosystems. The diversity of reef-building organisms decreases as seawater CO2 increases along natural gradients, yet soft-bodied animals, such as sea anemones, are often resilient. We sequenced the polyA-enriched transcriptome of adult sea anemone Anemonia viridis and its dinoflagellate symbiont sampled along a natural CO2 gradient in Italy to assess stress levels in these organisms. We found that about 3.1% of the anemone transcripts, but <1% of the Symbiodinium sp. transcripts were differentially expressed. Processes enriched at high seawater CO2 were linked to cellular stress and inflammation, including significant up-regulation of protective cellular functions and down-regulation of metabolic pathways. Transposable elements were differentially expressed at high seawater CO2, with an extreme up-regulation (> 100-fold) of the BEL-family of long terminal repeat retrotransposons. Seawater acidified by CO2 generated a significant stress reaction in A. viridis, but no bleaching was observed and Symbiodinium sp. appeared to be less affected. These observed changes indicate the mechanisms by which A. viridis acclimate to survive chronic exposure to ocean acidification conditions. We conclude that many organisms that are common in acidified conditions may nevertheless incur costs due to hypercapnia and/or lowered carbonate saturation states. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ilona Urbarova Sylvain Forêt Mikael Dahl Åse Emblem Marco Milazzo Jason M Hall-Spencer Steinar D Johansen |
author_facet |
Ilona Urbarova Sylvain Forêt Mikael Dahl Åse Emblem Marco Milazzo Jason M Hall-Spencer Steinar D Johansen |
author_sort |
Ilona Urbarova |
title |
Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. |
title_short |
Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. |
title_full |
Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. |
title_fullStr |
Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. |
title_sort |
ocean acidification at a coastal co2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone anemonia viridis. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 https://doaj.org/article/0c7aeaecbd16490ea7eb05206ed92230 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 5, p e0210358 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 https://doaj.org/article/0c7aeaecbd16490ea7eb05206ed92230 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
e0210358 |
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1766156567284023296 |