Cervid herpesvirus 2 and not Moraxella bovoculi caused keratoconjunctivitis in experimentally inoculated semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer
Abstract Background Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a transmissible disease in semi-domesticated Eurasian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). It is regarded as multifactorial and a single causative pathogen has not yet been identified. From clinical outbreaks we have previously identifie...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:0c02cd18b78844ca930b386861b59913 2023-05-15T18:04:24+02:00 Cervid herpesvirus 2 and not Moraxella bovoculi caused keratoconjunctivitis in experimentally inoculated semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer Morten Tryland Javier Sánchez Romano Nina Marcin Ingebjørg Helena Nymo Terje Domaas Josefsen Karen Kristine Sørensen Torill Mørk 2017-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-017-0291-2 https://doaj.org/article/0c02cd18b78844ca930b386861b59913 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13028-017-0291-2 https://doaj.org/toc/1751-0147 doi:10.1186/s13028-017-0291-2 1751-0147 https://doaj.org/article/0c02cd18b78844ca930b386861b59913 Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Vol 59, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017) Alphaherpesvirus Eye disease IKC Moraxella Ophthalmology Reindeer Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-017-0291-2 2022-12-31T00:11:34Z Abstract Background Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a transmissible disease in semi-domesticated Eurasian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). It is regarded as multifactorial and a single causative pathogen has not yet been identified. From clinical outbreaks we have previously identified Cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2) and Moraxella bovoculi as candidates for experimental investigations. Eighteen reindeer were inoculated in the right eye with CvHV2 (n = 5), M. bovoculi (n = 5), CvHV2 and M. bovoculi (n = 5) or sterile saline water (n = 3; controls). Results All animals inoculated with CvHv2, alone or in combination with M. bovoculi, showed raised body temperature, increased lacrimation, conjunctivitis, excretion of pus and periorbital oedema; clinical signs that increased in severity from day 2 post inoculation (p.i.) and throughout the experiment, until euthanasia 5–7 days p.i. Examination after euthanasia revealed corneal oedema, and three animals displayed a corneal ulcer. CvHV2 could be identified in swab samples from both the inoculated eye and the control eye from most animals and time points, indicating a viral spread from the inoculation site. Conclusions This study showed that CvHV2 alone and in combination with M. bovoculi was able to cause the characteristic clinical signs of IKC in reindeer, whereas inoculation of M. bovoculi alone, originally isolated from a reindeer with IKC, did not produce clinical signs. Previous studies have suggested that herding procedures, animal stress and subsequent reactivation of latent CvHV2 infection in older animals is a plausible mechanism for IKC outbreaks among reindeer calves and young animals in reindeer herds. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the infection biology and epidemiology associated with IKC in reindeer. Article in Journal/Newspaper Rangifer tarandus Tundra Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 59 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Alphaherpesvirus Eye disease IKC Moraxella Ophthalmology Reindeer Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 |
spellingShingle |
Alphaherpesvirus Eye disease IKC Moraxella Ophthalmology Reindeer Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Morten Tryland Javier Sánchez Romano Nina Marcin Ingebjørg Helena Nymo Terje Domaas Josefsen Karen Kristine Sørensen Torill Mørk Cervid herpesvirus 2 and not Moraxella bovoculi caused keratoconjunctivitis in experimentally inoculated semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer |
topic_facet |
Alphaherpesvirus Eye disease IKC Moraxella Ophthalmology Reindeer Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 |
description |
Abstract Background Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a transmissible disease in semi-domesticated Eurasian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). It is regarded as multifactorial and a single causative pathogen has not yet been identified. From clinical outbreaks we have previously identified Cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2) and Moraxella bovoculi as candidates for experimental investigations. Eighteen reindeer were inoculated in the right eye with CvHV2 (n = 5), M. bovoculi (n = 5), CvHV2 and M. bovoculi (n = 5) or sterile saline water (n = 3; controls). Results All animals inoculated with CvHv2, alone or in combination with M. bovoculi, showed raised body temperature, increased lacrimation, conjunctivitis, excretion of pus and periorbital oedema; clinical signs that increased in severity from day 2 post inoculation (p.i.) and throughout the experiment, until euthanasia 5–7 days p.i. Examination after euthanasia revealed corneal oedema, and three animals displayed a corneal ulcer. CvHV2 could be identified in swab samples from both the inoculated eye and the control eye from most animals and time points, indicating a viral spread from the inoculation site. Conclusions This study showed that CvHV2 alone and in combination with M. bovoculi was able to cause the characteristic clinical signs of IKC in reindeer, whereas inoculation of M. bovoculi alone, originally isolated from a reindeer with IKC, did not produce clinical signs. Previous studies have suggested that herding procedures, animal stress and subsequent reactivation of latent CvHV2 infection in older animals is a plausible mechanism for IKC outbreaks among reindeer calves and young animals in reindeer herds. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the infection biology and epidemiology associated with IKC in reindeer. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Morten Tryland Javier Sánchez Romano Nina Marcin Ingebjørg Helena Nymo Terje Domaas Josefsen Karen Kristine Sørensen Torill Mørk |
author_facet |
Morten Tryland Javier Sánchez Romano Nina Marcin Ingebjørg Helena Nymo Terje Domaas Josefsen Karen Kristine Sørensen Torill Mørk |
author_sort |
Morten Tryland |
title |
Cervid herpesvirus 2 and not Moraxella bovoculi caused keratoconjunctivitis in experimentally inoculated semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer |
title_short |
Cervid herpesvirus 2 and not Moraxella bovoculi caused keratoconjunctivitis in experimentally inoculated semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer |
title_full |
Cervid herpesvirus 2 and not Moraxella bovoculi caused keratoconjunctivitis in experimentally inoculated semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer |
title_fullStr |
Cervid herpesvirus 2 and not Moraxella bovoculi caused keratoconjunctivitis in experimentally inoculated semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cervid herpesvirus 2 and not Moraxella bovoculi caused keratoconjunctivitis in experimentally inoculated semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer |
title_sort |
cervid herpesvirus 2 and not moraxella bovoculi caused keratoconjunctivitis in experimentally inoculated semi-domesticated eurasian tundra reindeer |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-017-0291-2 https://doaj.org/article/0c02cd18b78844ca930b386861b59913 |
genre |
Rangifer tarandus Tundra |
genre_facet |
Rangifer tarandus Tundra |
op_source |
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Vol 59, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13028-017-0291-2 https://doaj.org/toc/1751-0147 doi:10.1186/s13028-017-0291-2 1751-0147 https://doaj.org/article/0c02cd18b78844ca930b386861b59913 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-017-0291-2 |
container_title |
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
container_volume |
59 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766175770570391552 |