Arctic mustard flower color polymorphism controlled by petal-specific downregulation at the threshold of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway.
Intra- and interspecific variation in flower color is a hallmark of angiosperm diversity. The evolutionary forces underlying the variety of flower colors can be nearly as diverse as the colors themselves. In addition to pollinator preferences, non-pollinator agents of selection can have a major infl...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:0b72aa74b2a646589ef10a701e322f63 2023-05-15T15:00:44+02:00 Arctic mustard flower color polymorphism controlled by petal-specific downregulation at the threshold of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Cynthia A Dick Jason Buenrostro Timothy Butler Matthew L Carlson Daniel J Kliebenstein Justen B Whittall 2011-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018230 https://doaj.org/article/0b72aa74b2a646589ef10a701e322f63 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3072389?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018230 https://doaj.org/article/0b72aa74b2a646589ef10a701e322f63 PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 4, p e18230 (2011) Medicine R Science Q article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018230 2022-12-31T07:02:26Z Intra- and interspecific variation in flower color is a hallmark of angiosperm diversity. The evolutionary forces underlying the variety of flower colors can be nearly as diverse as the colors themselves. In addition to pollinator preferences, non-pollinator agents of selection can have a major influence on the evolution of flower color polymorphisms, especially when the pigments in question are also expressed in vegetative tissues. In such cases, identifying the target(s) of selection starts with determining the biochemical and molecular basis for the flower color variation and examining any pleiotropic effects manifested in vegetative tissues. Herein, we describe a widespread purple-white flower color polymorphism in the mustard Parrya nudicaulis spanning Alaska. The frequency of white-flowered individuals increases with increasing growing-season temperature, consistent with the role of anthocyanin pigments in stress tolerance. White petals fail to produce the stress responsive flavonoid intermediates in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (ABP), suggesting an early pathway blockage. Petal cDNA sequences did not reveal blockages in any of the eight enzyme-coding genes in white-flowered individuals, nor any color differentiating SNPs. A qRT-PCR analysis of white petals identified a 24-fold reduction in chalcone synthase (CHS) at the threshold of the ABP, but no change in CHS expression in leaves and sepals. This arctic species has avoided the deleterious effects associated with the loss of flavonoid intermediates in vegetative tissues by decoupling CHS expression in petals and leaves, yet the correlation of flower color and climate suggests that the loss of flavonoids in the petals alone may affect the tolerance of white-flowered individuals to colder environments. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Alaska Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS ONE 6 4 e18230 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Cynthia A Dick Jason Buenrostro Timothy Butler Matthew L Carlson Daniel J Kliebenstein Justen B Whittall Arctic mustard flower color polymorphism controlled by petal-specific downregulation at the threshold of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Intra- and interspecific variation in flower color is a hallmark of angiosperm diversity. The evolutionary forces underlying the variety of flower colors can be nearly as diverse as the colors themselves. In addition to pollinator preferences, non-pollinator agents of selection can have a major influence on the evolution of flower color polymorphisms, especially when the pigments in question are also expressed in vegetative tissues. In such cases, identifying the target(s) of selection starts with determining the biochemical and molecular basis for the flower color variation and examining any pleiotropic effects manifested in vegetative tissues. Herein, we describe a widespread purple-white flower color polymorphism in the mustard Parrya nudicaulis spanning Alaska. The frequency of white-flowered individuals increases with increasing growing-season temperature, consistent with the role of anthocyanin pigments in stress tolerance. White petals fail to produce the stress responsive flavonoid intermediates in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (ABP), suggesting an early pathway blockage. Petal cDNA sequences did not reveal blockages in any of the eight enzyme-coding genes in white-flowered individuals, nor any color differentiating SNPs. A qRT-PCR analysis of white petals identified a 24-fold reduction in chalcone synthase (CHS) at the threshold of the ABP, but no change in CHS expression in leaves and sepals. This arctic species has avoided the deleterious effects associated with the loss of flavonoid intermediates in vegetative tissues by decoupling CHS expression in petals and leaves, yet the correlation of flower color and climate suggests that the loss of flavonoids in the petals alone may affect the tolerance of white-flowered individuals to colder environments. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cynthia A Dick Jason Buenrostro Timothy Butler Matthew L Carlson Daniel J Kliebenstein Justen B Whittall |
author_facet |
Cynthia A Dick Jason Buenrostro Timothy Butler Matthew L Carlson Daniel J Kliebenstein Justen B Whittall |
author_sort |
Cynthia A Dick |
title |
Arctic mustard flower color polymorphism controlled by petal-specific downregulation at the threshold of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. |
title_short |
Arctic mustard flower color polymorphism controlled by petal-specific downregulation at the threshold of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. |
title_full |
Arctic mustard flower color polymorphism controlled by petal-specific downregulation at the threshold of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. |
title_fullStr |
Arctic mustard flower color polymorphism controlled by petal-specific downregulation at the threshold of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Arctic mustard flower color polymorphism controlled by petal-specific downregulation at the threshold of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. |
title_sort |
arctic mustard flower color polymorphism controlled by petal-specific downregulation at the threshold of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018230 https://doaj.org/article/0b72aa74b2a646589ef10a701e322f63 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic Alaska |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 4, p e18230 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3072389?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018230 https://doaj.org/article/0b72aa74b2a646589ef10a701e322f63 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018230 |
container_title |
PLoS ONE |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
e18230 |
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1766332799967559680 |