Growth attenuation with developmental schedule progression in embryos and early larvae of Sterechinus neumayeri raised under elevated CO2.
The Southern Ocean, a region that will be an ocean acidification hotspot in the near future, is home to a uniquely adapted fauna that includes a diversity of lightly-calcified invertebrates. We exposed the larvae of the echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri to environmental levels of CO(2) in McMurdo Sound...
Published in: | PLoS ONE |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2013
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052448 https://doaj.org/article/0a9ada49cfb44e7c8ab66a7a64fb2c06 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:0a9ada49cfb44e7c8ab66a7a64fb2c06 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:0a9ada49cfb44e7c8ab66a7a64fb2c06 2023-05-15T17:10:36+02:00 Growth attenuation with developmental schedule progression in embryos and early larvae of Sterechinus neumayeri raised under elevated CO2. Pauline C Yu Mary A Sewell Paul G Matson Emily B Rivest Lydia Kapsenberg Gretchen E Hofmann 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052448 https://doaj.org/article/0a9ada49cfb44e7c8ab66a7a64fb2c06 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3534716?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052448 https://doaj.org/article/0a9ada49cfb44e7c8ab66a7a64fb2c06 PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 1, p e52448 (2013) Medicine R Science Q article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052448 2022-12-31T03:16:01Z The Southern Ocean, a region that will be an ocean acidification hotspot in the near future, is home to a uniquely adapted fauna that includes a diversity of lightly-calcified invertebrates. We exposed the larvae of the echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri to environmental levels of CO(2) in McMurdo Sound (control: 410 µatm, Ω = 1.35) and mildly elevated pCO(2) levels, both near the level of the aragonite saturation horizon (510 µatm pCO(2), Ω = 1.12), and to under-saturating conditions (730 µatm, Ω = 0.82). Early embryological development was normal under these conditions with the exception of the hatching process, which was slightly delayed. Appearance of the initial calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) spicule nuclei among the primary mesenchyme cells of the gastrulae was synchronous between control and elevated pCO(2) treatments. However, by prism (7 days after the initial appearance of the spicule nucleus), elongating arm rod spicules were already significantly shorter in the highest CO(2) treatment. Unfed larvae in the 730 µatm pCO(2) treatment remained significantly smaller than unfed control larvae at days 15-30, and larvae in the 510 µatm treatment were significantly smaller at day 20. At day 30, the arm lengths were more differentiated between 730 µatm and control CO(2) treatments than were body lengths as components of total length. Arm length is the most plastic morphological aspect of the echinopluteus, and appears to exhibit the greatest response to high pCO(2)/low pH/low carbonate, even in the absence of food. Thus, while the effects of elevated pCO(2) representative of near future climate scenarios are proportionally minor on these early developmental stages, the longer term effects on these long-lived invertebrates is still unknown. Article in Journal/Newspaper McMurdo Sound Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Southern Ocean McMurdo Sound PLoS ONE 8 1 e52448 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Pauline C Yu Mary A Sewell Paul G Matson Emily B Rivest Lydia Kapsenberg Gretchen E Hofmann Growth attenuation with developmental schedule progression in embryos and early larvae of Sterechinus neumayeri raised under elevated CO2. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
The Southern Ocean, a region that will be an ocean acidification hotspot in the near future, is home to a uniquely adapted fauna that includes a diversity of lightly-calcified invertebrates. We exposed the larvae of the echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri to environmental levels of CO(2) in McMurdo Sound (control: 410 µatm, Ω = 1.35) and mildly elevated pCO(2) levels, both near the level of the aragonite saturation horizon (510 µatm pCO(2), Ω = 1.12), and to under-saturating conditions (730 µatm, Ω = 0.82). Early embryological development was normal under these conditions with the exception of the hatching process, which was slightly delayed. Appearance of the initial calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) spicule nuclei among the primary mesenchyme cells of the gastrulae was synchronous between control and elevated pCO(2) treatments. However, by prism (7 days after the initial appearance of the spicule nucleus), elongating arm rod spicules were already significantly shorter in the highest CO(2) treatment. Unfed larvae in the 730 µatm pCO(2) treatment remained significantly smaller than unfed control larvae at days 15-30, and larvae in the 510 µatm treatment were significantly smaller at day 20. At day 30, the arm lengths were more differentiated between 730 µatm and control CO(2) treatments than were body lengths as components of total length. Arm length is the most plastic morphological aspect of the echinopluteus, and appears to exhibit the greatest response to high pCO(2)/low pH/low carbonate, even in the absence of food. Thus, while the effects of elevated pCO(2) representative of near future climate scenarios are proportionally minor on these early developmental stages, the longer term effects on these long-lived invertebrates is still unknown. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pauline C Yu Mary A Sewell Paul G Matson Emily B Rivest Lydia Kapsenberg Gretchen E Hofmann |
author_facet |
Pauline C Yu Mary A Sewell Paul G Matson Emily B Rivest Lydia Kapsenberg Gretchen E Hofmann |
author_sort |
Pauline C Yu |
title |
Growth attenuation with developmental schedule progression in embryos and early larvae of Sterechinus neumayeri raised under elevated CO2. |
title_short |
Growth attenuation with developmental schedule progression in embryos and early larvae of Sterechinus neumayeri raised under elevated CO2. |
title_full |
Growth attenuation with developmental schedule progression in embryos and early larvae of Sterechinus neumayeri raised under elevated CO2. |
title_fullStr |
Growth attenuation with developmental schedule progression in embryos and early larvae of Sterechinus neumayeri raised under elevated CO2. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Growth attenuation with developmental schedule progression in embryos and early larvae of Sterechinus neumayeri raised under elevated CO2. |
title_sort |
growth attenuation with developmental schedule progression in embryos and early larvae of sterechinus neumayeri raised under elevated co2. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052448 https://doaj.org/article/0a9ada49cfb44e7c8ab66a7a64fb2c06 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean McMurdo Sound |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean McMurdo Sound |
genre |
McMurdo Sound Ocean acidification Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
McMurdo Sound Ocean acidification Southern Ocean |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 1, p e52448 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3534716?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052448 https://doaj.org/article/0a9ada49cfb44e7c8ab66a7a64fb2c06 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052448 |
container_title |
PLoS ONE |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
e52448 |
_version_ |
1766067239426981888 |