Pitting of malaria parasites and spherocyte formation
Abstract Background A high prevalence of spherocytes was detected in blood smears of children enrolled in a case control study conducted in the malaria holoendemic Lake Victoria basin. It was speculated that the spherocytes reflect intraerythrocytic removal of malarial parasites with a concurrent re...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:0a3a61e51a5344fbbdfa9499c61db42e 2023-05-15T15:15:30+02:00 Pitting of malaria parasites and spherocyte formation Gichuki Charity W Schrier Stanley L Anyona Samuel B Waitumbi John N 2006-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-5-64 https://doaj.org/article/0a3a61e51a5344fbbdfa9499c61db42e EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/5/1/64 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-5-64 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/0a3a61e51a5344fbbdfa9499c61db42e Malaria Journal, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 64 (2006) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2006 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-5-64 2022-12-31T09:09:09Z Abstract Background A high prevalence of spherocytes was detected in blood smears of children enrolled in a case control study conducted in the malaria holoendemic Lake Victoria basin. It was speculated that the spherocytes reflect intraerythrocytic removal of malarial parasites with a concurrent removal of RBC membrane through a process analogous to pitting of intraerythrocytic inclusion bodies. Pitting and re-circulation of RBCs devoid of malaria parasites could be a host mechanism for parasite clearance while minimizing the anaemia that would occur were the entire parasitized RBC removed. The prior demonstration of RBCs containing ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (pf 155 or RESA) but no intracellular parasites, support the idea of pitting. Methods An in vitro model was developed to examine the phenomenon of pitting and spherocyte formation in Plasmodium falciparum infected RBCs (iRBC) co-incubated with human macrophages. In vivo application of this model was evaluated using blood specimens from patients attending Kisumu Ditrict Hospital. RBCs were probed with anti-RESA monoclonal antibody and a DNA stain (propidium iodide). Flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy was used to compare RBCs containing both the antigen and the parasites to those that were only RESA positive. Results Co-incubation of iRBC and tumor necrosis factor-alpha activated macrophages led to pitting (14% ± 1.31% macrophages with engulfed trophozoites) as opposed to erythrophagocytosis (5.33% ± 0.95%) (P < 0.01). Following the interaction, 26.9% ± 8.1% of the RBCs were spherocytes as determined by flow cytometric reduction in eosin-5-maleimide binding which detects RBC membrane band 3. The median of patient RBCs with pitted parasites (RESA+, PI-) was more than 3 times (95,275/μL) that of RESA+, PI+ RBCs (28,365/μL) (P < 0.01). RBCs with pitted parasites showed other morphological abnormalities, including spherocyte formation. Conclusion It is proposed that in malaria holoendemic areas where prevalence of asexual stage ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 5 1 64 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Gichuki Charity W Schrier Stanley L Anyona Samuel B Waitumbi John N Pitting of malaria parasites and spherocyte formation |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background A high prevalence of spherocytes was detected in blood smears of children enrolled in a case control study conducted in the malaria holoendemic Lake Victoria basin. It was speculated that the spherocytes reflect intraerythrocytic removal of malarial parasites with a concurrent removal of RBC membrane through a process analogous to pitting of intraerythrocytic inclusion bodies. Pitting and re-circulation of RBCs devoid of malaria parasites could be a host mechanism for parasite clearance while minimizing the anaemia that would occur were the entire parasitized RBC removed. The prior demonstration of RBCs containing ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (pf 155 or RESA) but no intracellular parasites, support the idea of pitting. Methods An in vitro model was developed to examine the phenomenon of pitting and spherocyte formation in Plasmodium falciparum infected RBCs (iRBC) co-incubated with human macrophages. In vivo application of this model was evaluated using blood specimens from patients attending Kisumu Ditrict Hospital. RBCs were probed with anti-RESA monoclonal antibody and a DNA stain (propidium iodide). Flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy was used to compare RBCs containing both the antigen and the parasites to those that were only RESA positive. Results Co-incubation of iRBC and tumor necrosis factor-alpha activated macrophages led to pitting (14% ± 1.31% macrophages with engulfed trophozoites) as opposed to erythrophagocytosis (5.33% ± 0.95%) (P < 0.01). Following the interaction, 26.9% ± 8.1% of the RBCs were spherocytes as determined by flow cytometric reduction in eosin-5-maleimide binding which detects RBC membrane band 3. The median of patient RBCs with pitted parasites (RESA+, PI-) was more than 3 times (95,275/μL) that of RESA+, PI+ RBCs (28,365/μL) (P < 0.01). RBCs with pitted parasites showed other morphological abnormalities, including spherocyte formation. Conclusion It is proposed that in malaria holoendemic areas where prevalence of asexual stage ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gichuki Charity W Schrier Stanley L Anyona Samuel B Waitumbi John N |
author_facet |
Gichuki Charity W Schrier Stanley L Anyona Samuel B Waitumbi John N |
author_sort |
Gichuki Charity W |
title |
Pitting of malaria parasites and spherocyte formation |
title_short |
Pitting of malaria parasites and spherocyte formation |
title_full |
Pitting of malaria parasites and spherocyte formation |
title_fullStr |
Pitting of malaria parasites and spherocyte formation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pitting of malaria parasites and spherocyte formation |
title_sort |
pitting of malaria parasites and spherocyte formation |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-5-64 https://doaj.org/article/0a3a61e51a5344fbbdfa9499c61db42e |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 64 (2006) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/5/1/64 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-5-64 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/0a3a61e51a5344fbbdfa9499c61db42e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-5-64 |
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Malaria Journal |
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5 |
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64 |
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