Household transmission of leptospira infection in urban slum communities.
Leptospirosis, a spirochaetal zoonotic disease, is the cause of epidemics associated with high mortality in urban slum communities. Infection with pathogenic Leptospira occurs during environmental exposures and is traditionally associated with occupational risk activities. However, slum inhabitants...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:0900445572c04468ad4c3d3478d55748 2023-05-15T15:13:27+02:00 Household transmission of leptospira infection in urban slum communities. Elves A P Maciel Ana Luiza F de Carvalho Simone F Nascimento Rosan B de Matos Edilane L Gouveia Mitermayer G Reis Albert I Ko 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000154 https://doaj.org/article/0900445572c04468ad4c3d3478d55748 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2270796?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000154 https://doaj.org/article/0900445572c04468ad4c3d3478d55748 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 2, Iss 1, p e154 (2008) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2008 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000154 2022-12-31T03:51:18Z Leptospirosis, a spirochaetal zoonotic disease, is the cause of epidemics associated with high mortality in urban slum communities. Infection with pathogenic Leptospira occurs during environmental exposures and is traditionally associated with occupational risk activities. However, slum inhabitants reside in close proximity to environmental sources of contamination, suggesting that transmission during urban epidemics occurs in the household environment.A survey was performed to determine whether Leptospira infection clustered within households located in slum communities in the city of Salvador, Brazil. Hospital-based surveillance identified 89 confirmed cases of leptospirosis during an outbreak. Serum samples were obtained from members of 22 households with index cases of leptospirosis and 52 control households located in the same slum communities. The presence of anti-Leptospira agglutinating antibodies was used as a marker for previous infection. In households with index cases, 22 (30%) of 74 members had anti-Leptospira antibodies, whereas 16 (8%) of 195 members from control households had anti-Leptospira antibodies. Highest titres were directed against L. interrogans serovars of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup in 95% and 100% of the subjects with agglutinating antibodies from case and control households, respectively. Residence in a household with an index case of leptospirosis was associated with increased risk (OR 5.29, 95% CI 2.13-13.12) of having had a Leptospira infection. Increased infection risk was found for all age groups who resided in a household with an index case, including children <15 years of age (P = 0.008).This study identified significant household clustering of Leptospira infection in slum communities where recurrent epidemics of leptospirosis occur. The findings support the hypothesis that the household environment is an important transmission determinant in the urban slum setting. Prevention therefore needs to target sources of contamination and risk activities which occur in the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2 1 e154 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Elves A P Maciel Ana Luiza F de Carvalho Simone F Nascimento Rosan B de Matos Edilane L Gouveia Mitermayer G Reis Albert I Ko Household transmission of leptospira infection in urban slum communities. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Leptospirosis, a spirochaetal zoonotic disease, is the cause of epidemics associated with high mortality in urban slum communities. Infection with pathogenic Leptospira occurs during environmental exposures and is traditionally associated with occupational risk activities. However, slum inhabitants reside in close proximity to environmental sources of contamination, suggesting that transmission during urban epidemics occurs in the household environment.A survey was performed to determine whether Leptospira infection clustered within households located in slum communities in the city of Salvador, Brazil. Hospital-based surveillance identified 89 confirmed cases of leptospirosis during an outbreak. Serum samples were obtained from members of 22 households with index cases of leptospirosis and 52 control households located in the same slum communities. The presence of anti-Leptospira agglutinating antibodies was used as a marker for previous infection. In households with index cases, 22 (30%) of 74 members had anti-Leptospira antibodies, whereas 16 (8%) of 195 members from control households had anti-Leptospira antibodies. Highest titres were directed against L. interrogans serovars of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup in 95% and 100% of the subjects with agglutinating antibodies from case and control households, respectively. Residence in a household with an index case of leptospirosis was associated with increased risk (OR 5.29, 95% CI 2.13-13.12) of having had a Leptospira infection. Increased infection risk was found for all age groups who resided in a household with an index case, including children <15 years of age (P = 0.008).This study identified significant household clustering of Leptospira infection in slum communities where recurrent epidemics of leptospirosis occur. The findings support the hypothesis that the household environment is an important transmission determinant in the urban slum setting. Prevention therefore needs to target sources of contamination and risk activities which occur in the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Elves A P Maciel Ana Luiza F de Carvalho Simone F Nascimento Rosan B de Matos Edilane L Gouveia Mitermayer G Reis Albert I Ko |
author_facet |
Elves A P Maciel Ana Luiza F de Carvalho Simone F Nascimento Rosan B de Matos Edilane L Gouveia Mitermayer G Reis Albert I Ko |
author_sort |
Elves A P Maciel |
title |
Household transmission of leptospira infection in urban slum communities. |
title_short |
Household transmission of leptospira infection in urban slum communities. |
title_full |
Household transmission of leptospira infection in urban slum communities. |
title_fullStr |
Household transmission of leptospira infection in urban slum communities. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Household transmission of leptospira infection in urban slum communities. |
title_sort |
household transmission of leptospira infection in urban slum communities. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000154 https://doaj.org/article/0900445572c04468ad4c3d3478d55748 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 2, Iss 1, p e154 (2008) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2270796?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000154 https://doaj.org/article/0900445572c04468ad4c3d3478d55748 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000154 |
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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2 |
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1 |
container_start_page |
e154 |
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1766343999862341632 |