ADAR-Editing during Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in Crassostrea gigas: Facts and Limitations
ABSTRACT Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) RNAs are enzymatically modified by A-to-I conversions during the infection of Crassostrea gigas. The increase of ADAR1 expression and hyper-editing activity parallel to OsHV-1 RNAs suggests a functional connection between dsRNA editing and antiviral responses....
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American Society for Microbiology
2022
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:08a0d63299d5444dbcebb78826bb8f51 2023-05-15T15:58:28+02:00 ADAR-Editing during Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in Crassostrea gigas: Facts and Limitations Umberto Rosani Enrico Bortoletto Caroline Montagnani Paola Venier 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00011-22 https://doaj.org/article/08a0d63299d5444dbcebb78826bb8f51 EN eng American Society for Microbiology https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msphere.00011-22 https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042 doi:10.1128/msphere.00011-22 2379-5042 https://doaj.org/article/08a0d63299d5444dbcebb78826bb8f51 mSphere, Vol 7, Iss 2 (2022) ADAR1 hyper-editing oyster OsHV-1 antiviral immunity ADAR Microbiology QR1-502 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00011-22 2022-12-30T23:24:40Z ABSTRACT Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) RNAs are enzymatically modified by A-to-I conversions during the infection of Crassostrea gigas. The increase of ADAR1 expression and hyper-editing activity parallel to OsHV-1 RNAs suggests a functional connection between dsRNA editing and antiviral responses. We analyzed 87 RNA-seq data sets from immuno-primed, resistant, and susceptible oysters exposed to OsHV-1 to compare the ADAR hyper-editing levels on host and viral transcripts and trace hyper-editing on the oyster genes. Host RNAs were more hyper-edited than viral RNAs, despite the increased editing of viral RNAs in late infection phases. A set of genes, representing ∼0.5% of the oyster transcriptome and including several tripartite motif-containing sequences, were constantly hyper-edited. Conversely, we identified genes involved in antiviral response, miRNA maturation, and epigenetic regulation that were hyper-edited in specific conditions only. Despite technical and biological bottlenecks that hamper the understanding of the bivalve “RNA editome,” available tools and technologies can be adapted to bivalve mollusks. IMPORTANCE Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) is a harmful pathogen of bivalve species, such as oysters. However, knowledge is lacking about host–virus interactions at the molecular level, hampering the possibility of a correct management of viral outbreaks and related massive mortalities. Notably, OsHV-1 transcripts are massively modified by host RNA editing enzyme during infection, resulting in multiple A-to-I variations along RNAs assuming double-strand conformations. The impact of these modifications on host transcripts is, however, not completely clear. Analyzing RNA-seq data of oysters infected with OsHV-1, we revealed that ∼0.5% of the oyster transcriptome is always enzymatically modified by ADAR, whereas genes involved in antiviral response, miRNA maturation, and epigenetic regulation were hyper-edited in specific conditions only. Despite our results, relevant technical bottlenecks impair an ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Crassostrea gigas Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles mSphere 7 2 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
ADAR1 hyper-editing oyster OsHV-1 antiviral immunity ADAR Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
ADAR1 hyper-editing oyster OsHV-1 antiviral immunity ADAR Microbiology QR1-502 Umberto Rosani Enrico Bortoletto Caroline Montagnani Paola Venier ADAR-Editing during Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in Crassostrea gigas: Facts and Limitations |
topic_facet |
ADAR1 hyper-editing oyster OsHV-1 antiviral immunity ADAR Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
ABSTRACT Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) RNAs are enzymatically modified by A-to-I conversions during the infection of Crassostrea gigas. The increase of ADAR1 expression and hyper-editing activity parallel to OsHV-1 RNAs suggests a functional connection between dsRNA editing and antiviral responses. We analyzed 87 RNA-seq data sets from immuno-primed, resistant, and susceptible oysters exposed to OsHV-1 to compare the ADAR hyper-editing levels on host and viral transcripts and trace hyper-editing on the oyster genes. Host RNAs were more hyper-edited than viral RNAs, despite the increased editing of viral RNAs in late infection phases. A set of genes, representing ∼0.5% of the oyster transcriptome and including several tripartite motif-containing sequences, were constantly hyper-edited. Conversely, we identified genes involved in antiviral response, miRNA maturation, and epigenetic regulation that were hyper-edited in specific conditions only. Despite technical and biological bottlenecks that hamper the understanding of the bivalve “RNA editome,” available tools and technologies can be adapted to bivalve mollusks. IMPORTANCE Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) is a harmful pathogen of bivalve species, such as oysters. However, knowledge is lacking about host–virus interactions at the molecular level, hampering the possibility of a correct management of viral outbreaks and related massive mortalities. Notably, OsHV-1 transcripts are massively modified by host RNA editing enzyme during infection, resulting in multiple A-to-I variations along RNAs assuming double-strand conformations. The impact of these modifications on host transcripts is, however, not completely clear. Analyzing RNA-seq data of oysters infected with OsHV-1, we revealed that ∼0.5% of the oyster transcriptome is always enzymatically modified by ADAR, whereas genes involved in antiviral response, miRNA maturation, and epigenetic regulation were hyper-edited in specific conditions only. Despite our results, relevant technical bottlenecks impair an ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Umberto Rosani Enrico Bortoletto Caroline Montagnani Paola Venier |
author_facet |
Umberto Rosani Enrico Bortoletto Caroline Montagnani Paola Venier |
author_sort |
Umberto Rosani |
title |
ADAR-Editing during Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in Crassostrea gigas: Facts and Limitations |
title_short |
ADAR-Editing during Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in Crassostrea gigas: Facts and Limitations |
title_full |
ADAR-Editing during Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in Crassostrea gigas: Facts and Limitations |
title_fullStr |
ADAR-Editing during Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in Crassostrea gigas: Facts and Limitations |
title_full_unstemmed |
ADAR-Editing during Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in Crassostrea gigas: Facts and Limitations |
title_sort |
adar-editing during ostreid herpesvirus 1 infection in crassostrea gigas: facts and limitations |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00011-22 https://doaj.org/article/08a0d63299d5444dbcebb78826bb8f51 |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas |
op_source |
mSphere, Vol 7, Iss 2 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msphere.00011-22 https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042 doi:10.1128/msphere.00011-22 2379-5042 https://doaj.org/article/08a0d63299d5444dbcebb78826bb8f51 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00011-22 |
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7 |
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2 |
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