Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage
ABSTRACT The Andvord fjord in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is known for its productivity and abundant megafauna. Nevertheless, seasonal patterns of the molecular diversity and abundance of protistan community members underpinning WAP productivity remain poorly resolved. We performed spring and...
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American Society for Microbiology
2021
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:07f55b7b5eb14c05aba761ee13353456 2023-05-15T13:59:15+02:00 Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage Maria Hamilton Martina Mascioni Elisabeth Hehenberger Charles Bachy Charmaine Yung Maria Vernet Alexandra Z. Worden 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02973-21 https://doaj.org/article/07f55b7b5eb14c05aba761ee13353456 EN eng American Society for Microbiology https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02973-21 https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511 doi:10.1128/mBio.02973-21 2150-7511 https://doaj.org/article/07f55b7b5eb14c05aba761ee13353456 mBio, Vol 12, Iss 6 (2021) Antarctic fjords phytoplankton diversity community structure protists Southern Ocean Microbiology QR1-502 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02973-21 2022-12-31T16:29:35Z ABSTRACT The Andvord fjord in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is known for its productivity and abundant megafauna. Nevertheless, seasonal patterns of the molecular diversity and abundance of protistan community members underpinning WAP productivity remain poorly resolved. We performed spring and fall expeditions pursuing protistan diversity, abundance of photosynthetic taxa, and the connection to changing conditions. 18S rRNA amplicon sequence variant (ASV) profiles revealed diverse predatory protists spanning multiple eukaryotic supergroups, alongside enigmatic heterotrophs like the Picozoa. Among photosynthetic protists, cryptophyte contributions were notable. Analysis of plastid-derived 16S rRNA ASVs supported 18S ASV results, including a dichotomy between cryptophytes and diatom contributions previously reported in other Antarctic regions. We demonstrate that stramenopile and cryptophyte community structures have distinct attributes. Photosynthetic stramenopiles exhibit high diversity, with the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus, unidentified Chaetoceros species, and others being prominent. Conversely, ASV analyses followed by environmental full-length rRNA gene sequencing, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry revealed that a novel alga dominates the cryptophytes. Phylogenetic analyses established that TPG clade VII, as named here, is evolutionarily distinct from cultivated cryptophyte lineages. Additionally, cryptophyte cell abundance correlated with increased water temperature. Analyses of global data sets showed that clade VII dominates cryptophyte ASVs at Southern Ocean sites and appears to be endemic, whereas in the Arctic and elsewhere, Teleaulax amphioxeia and Plagioselmis prolonga dominate, although both were undetected in Antarctic waters. Collectively, our studies provide baseline data against which future change can be assessed, identify different diversification patterns between stramenopiles and cryptophytes, and highlight an evolutionarily distinct cryptophyte clade that thrives under ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Arctic Phytoplankton Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean Antarctic Peninsula Andvord ENVELOPE(-62.616,-62.616,-64.833,-64.833) mBio 12 6 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Antarctic fjords phytoplankton diversity community structure protists Southern Ocean Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
Antarctic fjords phytoplankton diversity community structure protists Southern Ocean Microbiology QR1-502 Maria Hamilton Martina Mascioni Elisabeth Hehenberger Charles Bachy Charmaine Yung Maria Vernet Alexandra Z. Worden Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
topic_facet |
Antarctic fjords phytoplankton diversity community structure protists Southern Ocean Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
ABSTRACT The Andvord fjord in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is known for its productivity and abundant megafauna. Nevertheless, seasonal patterns of the molecular diversity and abundance of protistan community members underpinning WAP productivity remain poorly resolved. We performed spring and fall expeditions pursuing protistan diversity, abundance of photosynthetic taxa, and the connection to changing conditions. 18S rRNA amplicon sequence variant (ASV) profiles revealed diverse predatory protists spanning multiple eukaryotic supergroups, alongside enigmatic heterotrophs like the Picozoa. Among photosynthetic protists, cryptophyte contributions were notable. Analysis of plastid-derived 16S rRNA ASVs supported 18S ASV results, including a dichotomy between cryptophytes and diatom contributions previously reported in other Antarctic regions. We demonstrate that stramenopile and cryptophyte community structures have distinct attributes. Photosynthetic stramenopiles exhibit high diversity, with the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus, unidentified Chaetoceros species, and others being prominent. Conversely, ASV analyses followed by environmental full-length rRNA gene sequencing, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry revealed that a novel alga dominates the cryptophytes. Phylogenetic analyses established that TPG clade VII, as named here, is evolutionarily distinct from cultivated cryptophyte lineages. Additionally, cryptophyte cell abundance correlated with increased water temperature. Analyses of global data sets showed that clade VII dominates cryptophyte ASVs at Southern Ocean sites and appears to be endemic, whereas in the Arctic and elsewhere, Teleaulax amphioxeia and Plagioselmis prolonga dominate, although both were undetected in Antarctic waters. Collectively, our studies provide baseline data against which future change can be assessed, identify different diversification patterns between stramenopiles and cryptophytes, and highlight an evolutionarily distinct cryptophyte clade that thrives under ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Maria Hamilton Martina Mascioni Elisabeth Hehenberger Charles Bachy Charmaine Yung Maria Vernet Alexandra Z. Worden |
author_facet |
Maria Hamilton Martina Mascioni Elisabeth Hehenberger Charles Bachy Charmaine Yung Maria Vernet Alexandra Z. Worden |
author_sort |
Maria Hamilton |
title |
Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
title_short |
Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
title_full |
Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
title_fullStr |
Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
title_sort |
spatiotemporal variations in antarctic protistan communities highlight phytoplankton diversity and seasonal dominance by a novel cryptophyte lineage |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02973-21 https://doaj.org/article/07f55b7b5eb14c05aba761ee13353456 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.616,-62.616,-64.833,-64.833) |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean Antarctic Peninsula Andvord |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean Antarctic Peninsula Andvord |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Arctic Phytoplankton Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Arctic Phytoplankton Southern Ocean |
op_source |
mBio, Vol 12, Iss 6 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02973-21 https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511 doi:10.1128/mBio.02973-21 2150-7511 https://doaj.org/article/07f55b7b5eb14c05aba761ee13353456 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02973-21 |
container_title |
mBio |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
6 |
_version_ |
1766267769732464640 |