Impact of Shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: Findings from three birth cohorts over eight years.
Background Shigella infections cause inflammation, which has been hypothesized to mediate the associations between Shigella and child development outcomes among children in low-resource settings. We aimed to assess whether early life inflammation and Shigella infections affect school-aged growth and...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010722 https://doaj.org/article/07e5d4a984a34dd6b3bb5407e872b22e |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:07e5d4a984a34dd6b3bb5407e872b22e 2023-05-15T15:16:55+02:00 Impact of Shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: Findings from three birth cohorts over eight years. Elizabeth T Rogawski McQuade Rebecca J Scharf Erling Svensen Amber Huggins Angelina Maphula Eliwaza Bayo Ladislaus Blacy Paula Pamplona E de Souza Hilda Costa Eric R Houpt Pascal O Bessong Estomih R Mduma Aldo A M Lima Richard L Guerrant 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010722 https://doaj.org/article/07e5d4a984a34dd6b3bb5407e872b22e EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010722 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010722 https://doaj.org/article/07e5d4a984a34dd6b3bb5407e872b22e PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0010722 (2022) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010722 2022-12-30T19:46:11Z Background Shigella infections cause inflammation, which has been hypothesized to mediate the associations between Shigella and child development outcomes among children in low-resource settings. We aimed to assess whether early life inflammation and Shigella infections affect school-aged growth and cognitive outcomes from 6-8 years of age. Methodology/principal findings We conducted follow-up assessments of anthropometry, reasoning skills, and verbal fluency in 451 children at 6-8 years of age in the Brazil, Tanzania, and South Africa sites of MAL-ED, a longitudinal birth cohort study. We estimated the associations between Shigella burden and inflammation with linear growth at 2, 5, and 6-8 years of age, and with the cognitive test scores using linear regression and adjusting for potential confounding variables. We also assessed whether inflammation mediated the associations between Shigella and school-aged outcomes using a regression-based approach to mediation analysis. A high prevalence of Shigella was associated with a 0.32 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.56) z-score lower height-for-age z-score (HAZ) at 6-8 years compared to a low prevalence of Shigella. Intestinal inflammation had a smaller association with HAZ at 6-8 years. Shigella burden had small and consistently negative associations with cognitive outcomes in Brazil and Tanzania, but not South Africa, and the estimates were not statistically significant. Systemic inflammation was strongly associated with lower verbal fluency scores in Brazil (semantic fluency z-score difference: -0.57, 95% CI: -1.05, -0.10; phonemic fluency z-score difference: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.93, -0.03). There was no evidence that intestinal inflammation mediated the association between Shigella and HAZ or cognitive outcomes. Conclusions/significance While Shigella infections were consistently associated with long-term deficits in linear growth, the estimates of the negative associations between Shigella and cognitive outcomes were imprecise and only observed in the Brazil and Tanzania sites. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16 9 e0010722 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Elizabeth T Rogawski McQuade Rebecca J Scharf Erling Svensen Amber Huggins Angelina Maphula Eliwaza Bayo Ladislaus Blacy Paula Pamplona E de Souza Hilda Costa Eric R Houpt Pascal O Bessong Estomih R Mduma Aldo A M Lima Richard L Guerrant Impact of Shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: Findings from three birth cohorts over eight years. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Shigella infections cause inflammation, which has been hypothesized to mediate the associations between Shigella and child development outcomes among children in low-resource settings. We aimed to assess whether early life inflammation and Shigella infections affect school-aged growth and cognitive outcomes from 6-8 years of age. Methodology/principal findings We conducted follow-up assessments of anthropometry, reasoning skills, and verbal fluency in 451 children at 6-8 years of age in the Brazil, Tanzania, and South Africa sites of MAL-ED, a longitudinal birth cohort study. We estimated the associations between Shigella burden and inflammation with linear growth at 2, 5, and 6-8 years of age, and with the cognitive test scores using linear regression and adjusting for potential confounding variables. We also assessed whether inflammation mediated the associations between Shigella and school-aged outcomes using a regression-based approach to mediation analysis. A high prevalence of Shigella was associated with a 0.32 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.56) z-score lower height-for-age z-score (HAZ) at 6-8 years compared to a low prevalence of Shigella. Intestinal inflammation had a smaller association with HAZ at 6-8 years. Shigella burden had small and consistently negative associations with cognitive outcomes in Brazil and Tanzania, but not South Africa, and the estimates were not statistically significant. Systemic inflammation was strongly associated with lower verbal fluency scores in Brazil (semantic fluency z-score difference: -0.57, 95% CI: -1.05, -0.10; phonemic fluency z-score difference: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.93, -0.03). There was no evidence that intestinal inflammation mediated the association between Shigella and HAZ or cognitive outcomes. Conclusions/significance While Shigella infections were consistently associated with long-term deficits in linear growth, the estimates of the negative associations between Shigella and cognitive outcomes were imprecise and only observed in the Brazil and Tanzania sites. ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Elizabeth T Rogawski McQuade Rebecca J Scharf Erling Svensen Amber Huggins Angelina Maphula Eliwaza Bayo Ladislaus Blacy Paula Pamplona E de Souza Hilda Costa Eric R Houpt Pascal O Bessong Estomih R Mduma Aldo A M Lima Richard L Guerrant |
author_facet |
Elizabeth T Rogawski McQuade Rebecca J Scharf Erling Svensen Amber Huggins Angelina Maphula Eliwaza Bayo Ladislaus Blacy Paula Pamplona E de Souza Hilda Costa Eric R Houpt Pascal O Bessong Estomih R Mduma Aldo A M Lima Richard L Guerrant |
author_sort |
Elizabeth T Rogawski McQuade |
title |
Impact of Shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: Findings from three birth cohorts over eight years. |
title_short |
Impact of Shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: Findings from three birth cohorts over eight years. |
title_full |
Impact of Shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: Findings from three birth cohorts over eight years. |
title_fullStr |
Impact of Shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: Findings from three birth cohorts over eight years. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of Shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: Findings from three birth cohorts over eight years. |
title_sort |
impact of shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: findings from three birth cohorts over eight years. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010722 https://doaj.org/article/07e5d4a984a34dd6b3bb5407e872b22e |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0010722 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010722 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010722 https://doaj.org/article/07e5d4a984a34dd6b3bb5407e872b22e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010722 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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16 |
container_issue |
9 |
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e0010722 |
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