Effects of the NaCl Concentration and Montmorillonite Content on Formation Kinetics of Methane Hydrate
Most resources of natural gas hydrate (NGH) exist in marine sediments where salts and sea mud are involved. It is of great importance to investigate the effects of salts and sea mud on NGH formation kinetics. In this study, the mixture of silica sand and montmorillonite was used to mimic sea mud. Th...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:078132753f6840c6bd9a6a7aad4f0057 2024-01-07T09:44:48+01:00 Effects of the NaCl Concentration and Montmorillonite Content on Formation Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Haopeng Zeng Yu Zhang Lei Zhang Zhaoyang Chen Xiaosen Li 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040548 https://doaj.org/article/078132753f6840c6bd9a6a7aad4f0057 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/4/548 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse10040548 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/078132753f6840c6bd9a6a7aad4f0057 Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 548 (2022) methane hydrate NaCl concentration montmorillonite hydrate formation kinetic Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040548 2023-12-10T01:45:13Z Most resources of natural gas hydrate (NGH) exist in marine sediments where salts and sea mud are involved. It is of great importance to investigate the effects of salts and sea mud on NGH formation kinetics. In this study, the mixture of silica sand and montmorillonite was used to mimic sea mud. The effects of the NaCl concentration of pore water and montmorillonite content on methane hydrate formation were studied. A low NaCl concentration of 0.2 mol/L and a low montmorillonite content range of 10–25 wt% is beneficial to reduce the induction time of hydrate formation. The high NaCl concentration and high content of montmorillonite will significantly increase the induction time. The average induction time for the experiments with the NaCl concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.6, and 1.2 mol/L is 20.99, 8.11, 15.74, and 30.88 h, respectively. In the pure silica sand, the NaCl concentration of 0.2 mol/L can improve the final water conversion. In the experiments with pure water, the water conversion increases with the increase of the montmorillonite content due to the improvement of the dispersion of montmorillonite to water. The water conversion of the experiments in pure water with the montmorillonite contents of 0, 10, 25 and 40 wt% is 12.14% (±1.06%), 24.68% (±1.49%), 29.59% (±2.30%), and 32.57% (±1.64%), respectively. In the case of both montmorillonite and NaCl existing, there is a complicated change in the water conversion. In general, the increase of the NaCl concentration enhances the inhibition of hydrate formation and reduces the final water conversion, which is the key factor affecting the final water conversion. The average water conversion of the experiments under the NaCl concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1.2 mol/L is 24.74, 15.14, 8.85, and 5.74%, respectively. Article in Journal/Newspaper Methane hydrate Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10 4 548 |
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op_collection_id |
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topic |
methane hydrate NaCl concentration montmorillonite hydrate formation kinetic Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
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methane hydrate NaCl concentration montmorillonite hydrate formation kinetic Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 Haopeng Zeng Yu Zhang Lei Zhang Zhaoyang Chen Xiaosen Li Effects of the NaCl Concentration and Montmorillonite Content on Formation Kinetics of Methane Hydrate |
topic_facet |
methane hydrate NaCl concentration montmorillonite hydrate formation kinetic Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Most resources of natural gas hydrate (NGH) exist in marine sediments where salts and sea mud are involved. It is of great importance to investigate the effects of salts and sea mud on NGH formation kinetics. In this study, the mixture of silica sand and montmorillonite was used to mimic sea mud. The effects of the NaCl concentration of pore water and montmorillonite content on methane hydrate formation were studied. A low NaCl concentration of 0.2 mol/L and a low montmorillonite content range of 10–25 wt% is beneficial to reduce the induction time of hydrate formation. The high NaCl concentration and high content of montmorillonite will significantly increase the induction time. The average induction time for the experiments with the NaCl concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.6, and 1.2 mol/L is 20.99, 8.11, 15.74, and 30.88 h, respectively. In the pure silica sand, the NaCl concentration of 0.2 mol/L can improve the final water conversion. In the experiments with pure water, the water conversion increases with the increase of the montmorillonite content due to the improvement of the dispersion of montmorillonite to water. The water conversion of the experiments in pure water with the montmorillonite contents of 0, 10, 25 and 40 wt% is 12.14% (±1.06%), 24.68% (±1.49%), 29.59% (±2.30%), and 32.57% (±1.64%), respectively. In the case of both montmorillonite and NaCl existing, there is a complicated change in the water conversion. In general, the increase of the NaCl concentration enhances the inhibition of hydrate formation and reduces the final water conversion, which is the key factor affecting the final water conversion. The average water conversion of the experiments under the NaCl concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1.2 mol/L is 24.74, 15.14, 8.85, and 5.74%, respectively. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Haopeng Zeng Yu Zhang Lei Zhang Zhaoyang Chen Xiaosen Li |
author_facet |
Haopeng Zeng Yu Zhang Lei Zhang Zhaoyang Chen Xiaosen Li |
author_sort |
Haopeng Zeng |
title |
Effects of the NaCl Concentration and Montmorillonite Content on Formation Kinetics of Methane Hydrate |
title_short |
Effects of the NaCl Concentration and Montmorillonite Content on Formation Kinetics of Methane Hydrate |
title_full |
Effects of the NaCl Concentration and Montmorillonite Content on Formation Kinetics of Methane Hydrate |
title_fullStr |
Effects of the NaCl Concentration and Montmorillonite Content on Formation Kinetics of Methane Hydrate |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of the NaCl Concentration and Montmorillonite Content on Formation Kinetics of Methane Hydrate |
title_sort |
effects of the nacl concentration and montmorillonite content on formation kinetics of methane hydrate |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040548 https://doaj.org/article/078132753f6840c6bd9a6a7aad4f0057 |
genre |
Methane hydrate |
genre_facet |
Methane hydrate |
op_source |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 548 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/4/548 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse10040548 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/078132753f6840c6bd9a6a7aad4f0057 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040548 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
548 |
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1787426219431559168 |