Behavioral, Physiological, Demographic and Ecological Impacts of Hematophagous and Endoparasitic Insects on an Arctic Ungulate
Animals that deliver a toxic secretion through a wound or to the body surface without a wound are considered venomous and toxungenous, respectively. Hematophagous insects, such as mosquitoes ( Aedes spp.), meet the criteria for venomous, and some endoparasitic insects, such as warble flies ( Hypoder...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:064acfddc24b456f980f57d4ef59978b 2023-05-15T14:54:15+02:00 Behavioral, Physiological, Demographic and Ecological Impacts of Hematophagous and Endoparasitic Insects on an Arctic Ungulate Kyle Joly Ophélie Couriot Matthew D. Cameron Eliezer Gurarie 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050334 https://doaj.org/article/064acfddc24b456f980f57d4ef59978b EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/5/334 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 doi:10.3390/toxins12050334 2072-6651 https://doaj.org/article/064acfddc24b456f980f57d4ef59978b Toxins, Vol 12, Iss 334, p 334 (2020) Aedes spp behavior caribou demographics energetics Hypoderma tarandi Medicine R article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050334 2022-12-30T23:39:30Z Animals that deliver a toxic secretion through a wound or to the body surface without a wound are considered venomous and toxungenous, respectively. Hematophagous insects, such as mosquitoes ( Aedes spp.), meet the criteria for venomous, and some endoparasitic insects, such as warble flies ( Hypoderma tarandi ), satisfy the definition for toxungenous. The impacts of these insects on their hosts are wide ranging. In the Arctic, their primary host is the most abundant ungulate, the caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ). The most conspicuous impacts of these insects on caribou are behavioral. Caribou increase their movements during peak insect harassment, evading and running away from these parasites. These behavioral responses scale up to physiological effects as caribou move to less productive habitats to reduce harassment which increases energetic costs due to locomotion, reduces nutrient intake due to less time spent foraging, and can lead to poorer physiological condition. Reduced physiological condition can lead to lower reproductive output and even higher mortality rates, with the potential to ultimately affect caribou demographics. Caribou affect all trophic levels in the Arctic and the processes that connect them, thus altering caribou demographics could impact the ecology of the region. Broadening the definitions of venomous and toxungenous animals to include hematophagous and endoparasitic insects should not only generate productive collaborations among toxinologists and parasitologists, but will also lead to a deeper understanding of the ecology of toxic secretions and their widespread influence. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Rangifer tarandus Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Toxins 12 5 334 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Aedes spp behavior caribou demographics energetics Hypoderma tarandi Medicine R |
spellingShingle |
Aedes spp behavior caribou demographics energetics Hypoderma tarandi Medicine R Kyle Joly Ophélie Couriot Matthew D. Cameron Eliezer Gurarie Behavioral, Physiological, Demographic and Ecological Impacts of Hematophagous and Endoparasitic Insects on an Arctic Ungulate |
topic_facet |
Aedes spp behavior caribou demographics energetics Hypoderma tarandi Medicine R |
description |
Animals that deliver a toxic secretion through a wound or to the body surface without a wound are considered venomous and toxungenous, respectively. Hematophagous insects, such as mosquitoes ( Aedes spp.), meet the criteria for venomous, and some endoparasitic insects, such as warble flies ( Hypoderma tarandi ), satisfy the definition for toxungenous. The impacts of these insects on their hosts are wide ranging. In the Arctic, their primary host is the most abundant ungulate, the caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ). The most conspicuous impacts of these insects on caribou are behavioral. Caribou increase their movements during peak insect harassment, evading and running away from these parasites. These behavioral responses scale up to physiological effects as caribou move to less productive habitats to reduce harassment which increases energetic costs due to locomotion, reduces nutrient intake due to less time spent foraging, and can lead to poorer physiological condition. Reduced physiological condition can lead to lower reproductive output and even higher mortality rates, with the potential to ultimately affect caribou demographics. Caribou affect all trophic levels in the Arctic and the processes that connect them, thus altering caribou demographics could impact the ecology of the region. Broadening the definitions of venomous and toxungenous animals to include hematophagous and endoparasitic insects should not only generate productive collaborations among toxinologists and parasitologists, but will also lead to a deeper understanding of the ecology of toxic secretions and their widespread influence. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kyle Joly Ophélie Couriot Matthew D. Cameron Eliezer Gurarie |
author_facet |
Kyle Joly Ophélie Couriot Matthew D. Cameron Eliezer Gurarie |
author_sort |
Kyle Joly |
title |
Behavioral, Physiological, Demographic and Ecological Impacts of Hematophagous and Endoparasitic Insects on an Arctic Ungulate |
title_short |
Behavioral, Physiological, Demographic and Ecological Impacts of Hematophagous and Endoparasitic Insects on an Arctic Ungulate |
title_full |
Behavioral, Physiological, Demographic and Ecological Impacts of Hematophagous and Endoparasitic Insects on an Arctic Ungulate |
title_fullStr |
Behavioral, Physiological, Demographic and Ecological Impacts of Hematophagous and Endoparasitic Insects on an Arctic Ungulate |
title_full_unstemmed |
Behavioral, Physiological, Demographic and Ecological Impacts of Hematophagous and Endoparasitic Insects on an Arctic Ungulate |
title_sort |
behavioral, physiological, demographic and ecological impacts of hematophagous and endoparasitic insects on an arctic ungulate |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050334 https://doaj.org/article/064acfddc24b456f980f57d4ef59978b |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Rangifer tarandus |
genre_facet |
Arctic Rangifer tarandus |
op_source |
Toxins, Vol 12, Iss 334, p 334 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/5/334 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 doi:10.3390/toxins12050334 2072-6651 https://doaj.org/article/064acfddc24b456f980f57d4ef59978b |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050334 |
container_title |
Toxins |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
334 |
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1766325970822758400 |