Extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness in wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus)
Abstract Extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness were studied in wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) in the Sanmenxia Swan National Wetland Park in western Henan Province, central China. First, the fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concent...
Published in: | Scientific Reports |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92031-3 https://doaj.org/article/0588b5f219e446adac7eb3718fe83bc8 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:0588b5f219e446adac7eb3718fe83bc8 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:0588b5f219e446adac7eb3718fe83bc8 2023-05-15T15:59:48+02:00 Extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness in wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) Liangliang Yang Wenxia Wang Ping Sun Songlin Huang Ruyi Gao Desheng Kong Wendong Ru Torsten Wronski Guogang Zhang 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92031-3 https://doaj.org/article/0588b5f219e446adac7eb3718fe83bc8 EN eng Nature Portfolio https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92031-3 https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92031-3 2045-2322 https://doaj.org/article/0588b5f219e446adac7eb3718fe83bc8 Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021) Medicine R Science Q article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92031-3 2022-12-31T08:05:12Z Abstract Extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness were studied in wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) in the Sanmenxia Swan National Wetland Park in western Henan Province, central China. First, the fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentration was established and related to mean air temperature or photo period (day length) using simple linear or non-linear regression models. After a model selection procedure, the best fitted model revealed that an increase of FGM concentration was associated with an increase in the squared mean air temperature (R2 = 0.88). Other models showed an increasing FGM concentration to correspond with increasing values of day length, squared day length, and mean air temperature—however without statistical support. In a second step, behavioral frequencies of seven behaviors were condensed into three behavioral principal components (PCs) using principal components analysis. Behavioral PCs largely corresponded to three activity phases described for wintering whooper swans in central China and were correlated with the FGM concentration using Spearman's rank-order correlations. Results revealed a significant correlation between FGM and behavioral PC2 (positive factor loadings from vigilance and preening, negative loading from foraging). Finally, we tested for an effect of behavioral PCs on changes in winter home range size using a set of multiple linear regression models. Results of averaged model parameter estimates showed only the behavioral PC3 (positive factor loadings from fighting and calling, negative loading from locomotion) had a marginal significant effect on home range size. Results confirmed findings of previous studies on migratory restlessness in whooper swans. However, due to the small sample size (N = 15 weeks) the effect of PC3 on home range size was weak and should be viewed with caution. Article in Journal/Newspaper Cygnus cygnus Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Scientific Reports 11 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Liangliang Yang Wenxia Wang Ping Sun Songlin Huang Ruyi Gao Desheng Kong Wendong Ru Torsten Wronski Guogang Zhang Extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness in wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Abstract Extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness were studied in wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) in the Sanmenxia Swan National Wetland Park in western Henan Province, central China. First, the fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentration was established and related to mean air temperature or photo period (day length) using simple linear or non-linear regression models. After a model selection procedure, the best fitted model revealed that an increase of FGM concentration was associated with an increase in the squared mean air temperature (R2 = 0.88). Other models showed an increasing FGM concentration to correspond with increasing values of day length, squared day length, and mean air temperature—however without statistical support. In a second step, behavioral frequencies of seven behaviors were condensed into three behavioral principal components (PCs) using principal components analysis. Behavioral PCs largely corresponded to three activity phases described for wintering whooper swans in central China and were correlated with the FGM concentration using Spearman's rank-order correlations. Results revealed a significant correlation between FGM and behavioral PC2 (positive factor loadings from vigilance and preening, negative loading from foraging). Finally, we tested for an effect of behavioral PCs on changes in winter home range size using a set of multiple linear regression models. Results of averaged model parameter estimates showed only the behavioral PC3 (positive factor loadings from fighting and calling, negative loading from locomotion) had a marginal significant effect on home range size. Results confirmed findings of previous studies on migratory restlessness in whooper swans. However, due to the small sample size (N = 15 weeks) the effect of PC3 on home range size was weak and should be viewed with caution. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Liangliang Yang Wenxia Wang Ping Sun Songlin Huang Ruyi Gao Desheng Kong Wendong Ru Torsten Wronski Guogang Zhang |
author_facet |
Liangliang Yang Wenxia Wang Ping Sun Songlin Huang Ruyi Gao Desheng Kong Wendong Ru Torsten Wronski Guogang Zhang |
author_sort |
Liangliang Yang |
title |
Extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness in wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) |
title_short |
Extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness in wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) |
title_full |
Extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness in wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) |
title_fullStr |
Extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness in wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness in wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) |
title_sort |
extrinsic factors, endocrine mechanisms, and behavioral indicators of migratory restlessness in wintering whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) |
publisher |
Nature Portfolio |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92031-3 https://doaj.org/article/0588b5f219e446adac7eb3718fe83bc8 |
genre |
Cygnus cygnus |
genre_facet |
Cygnus cygnus |
op_source |
Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92031-3 https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92031-3 2045-2322 https://doaj.org/article/0588b5f219e446adac7eb3718fe83bc8 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92031-3 |
container_title |
Scientific Reports |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766395716437016576 |