Surface energy budget responses to radiative forcing at Summit, Greenland
Greenland Ice Sheet surface temperatures are controlled by an exchange of energy at the surface, which includes radiative, turbulent, and ground heat fluxes. Data collected by multiple projects are leveraged to calculate all surface energy budget (SEB) terms at Summit, Greenland, for the full annual...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:04e9073c09e1434ba617f0aa8ec8b006 2023-05-15T16:27:46+02:00 Surface energy budget responses to radiative forcing at Summit, Greenland N. B. Miller M. D. Shupe C. J. Cox D. Noone P. O. G. Persson K. Steffen 2017-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-497-2017 https://doaj.org/article/04e9073c09e1434ba617f0aa8ec8b006 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/497/2017/tc-11-497-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 1994-0416 1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-11-497-2017 https://doaj.org/article/04e9073c09e1434ba617f0aa8ec8b006 The Cryosphere, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 497-516 (2017) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-497-2017 2022-12-31T16:06:04Z Greenland Ice Sheet surface temperatures are controlled by an exchange of energy at the surface, which includes radiative, turbulent, and ground heat fluxes. Data collected by multiple projects are leveraged to calculate all surface energy budget (SEB) terms at Summit, Greenland, for the full annual cycle from July 2013 to June 2014 and extend to longer periods for the radiative and turbulent SEB terms. Radiative fluxes are measured directly by a suite of broadband radiometers. Turbulent sensible heat flux is estimated via the bulk aerodynamic and eddy correlation methods, and the turbulent latent heat flux is calculated via a two-level approach using measurements at 10 and 2 m. The subsurface heat flux is calculated using a string of thermistors buried in the snow pack. Extensive quality-control data processing produced a data set in which all terms of the SEB are present 75 % of the full annual cycle, despite the harsh conditions. By including a storage term for a near-surface layer, the SEB is balanced in this data set to within the aggregated uncertainties for the individual terms. November and August case studies illustrate that surface radiative forcing is driven by synoptically forced cloud characteristics, especially by low-level, liquid-bearing clouds. The annual cycle and seasonal diurnal cycles of all SEB components indicate that the non-radiative terms are anticorrelated to changes in the total radiative flux and are hence responding to cloud radiative forcing. Generally, the non-radiative SEB terms and the upwelling longwave radiation component compensate for changes in downwelling radiation, although exact partitioning of energy in the response terms varies with season and near-surface characteristics such as stability and moisture availability. Substantial surface warming from low-level clouds typically leads to a change from a very stable to a weakly stable near-surface regime with no solar radiation or from a weakly stable to neutral/unstable regime with solar radiation. Relationships between ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Greenland The Cryosphere 11 1 497 516 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 N. B. Miller M. D. Shupe C. J. Cox D. Noone P. O. G. Persson K. Steffen Surface energy budget responses to radiative forcing at Summit, Greenland |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Greenland Ice Sheet surface temperatures are controlled by an exchange of energy at the surface, which includes radiative, turbulent, and ground heat fluxes. Data collected by multiple projects are leveraged to calculate all surface energy budget (SEB) terms at Summit, Greenland, for the full annual cycle from July 2013 to June 2014 and extend to longer periods for the radiative and turbulent SEB terms. Radiative fluxes are measured directly by a suite of broadband radiometers. Turbulent sensible heat flux is estimated via the bulk aerodynamic and eddy correlation methods, and the turbulent latent heat flux is calculated via a two-level approach using measurements at 10 and 2 m. The subsurface heat flux is calculated using a string of thermistors buried in the snow pack. Extensive quality-control data processing produced a data set in which all terms of the SEB are present 75 % of the full annual cycle, despite the harsh conditions. By including a storage term for a near-surface layer, the SEB is balanced in this data set to within the aggregated uncertainties for the individual terms. November and August case studies illustrate that surface radiative forcing is driven by synoptically forced cloud characteristics, especially by low-level, liquid-bearing clouds. The annual cycle and seasonal diurnal cycles of all SEB components indicate that the non-radiative terms are anticorrelated to changes in the total radiative flux and are hence responding to cloud radiative forcing. Generally, the non-radiative SEB terms and the upwelling longwave radiation component compensate for changes in downwelling radiation, although exact partitioning of energy in the response terms varies with season and near-surface characteristics such as stability and moisture availability. Substantial surface warming from low-level clouds typically leads to a change from a very stable to a weakly stable near-surface regime with no solar radiation or from a weakly stable to neutral/unstable regime with solar radiation. Relationships between ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
N. B. Miller M. D. Shupe C. J. Cox D. Noone P. O. G. Persson K. Steffen |
author_facet |
N. B. Miller M. D. Shupe C. J. Cox D. Noone P. O. G. Persson K. Steffen |
author_sort |
N. B. Miller |
title |
Surface energy budget responses to radiative forcing at Summit, Greenland |
title_short |
Surface energy budget responses to radiative forcing at Summit, Greenland |
title_full |
Surface energy budget responses to radiative forcing at Summit, Greenland |
title_fullStr |
Surface energy budget responses to radiative forcing at Summit, Greenland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Surface energy budget responses to radiative forcing at Summit, Greenland |
title_sort |
surface energy budget responses to radiative forcing at summit, greenland |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-497-2017 https://doaj.org/article/04e9073c09e1434ba617f0aa8ec8b006 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 497-516 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/497/2017/tc-11-497-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 1994-0416 1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-11-497-2017 https://doaj.org/article/04e9073c09e1434ba617f0aa8ec8b006 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-497-2017 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
497 |
op_container_end_page |
516 |
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1766017293996785664 |