Calf mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the Finnish reindeer-herding area
During 1999-2008 calf mortality was studied in six reindeer-herding cooperatives in Northern Finland, where 3942 semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves were equipped with radio mortality collars. The calves were weighed and earmarked mostly at 2-5 days of age, or at 2-8 weeks...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:04de34b97ec04f99b7097e7f93dff2a4 2023-05-15T17:42:52+02:00 Calf mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the Finnish reindeer-herding area Mauri Nieminen Harri Norberg Veikko Maijala 2013-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2531 https://doaj.org/article/04de34b97ec04f99b7097e7f93dff2a4 EN eng Septentrio Academic Publishing https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/2531 https://doaj.org/toc/1890-6729 doi:10.7557/2.33.2.2531 1890-6729 https://doaj.org/article/04de34b97ec04f99b7097e7f93dff2a4 Rangifer, Vol 33, Iss 2 (2013) calf mortality predation radio telemetry semi-domesticated reindeer survival Animal culture SF1-1100 article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2531 2022-12-30T22:49:49Z During 1999-2008 calf mortality was studied in six reindeer-herding cooperatives in Northern Finland, where 3942 semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves were equipped with radio mortality collars. The calves were weighed and earmarked mostly at 2-5 days of age, or at 2-8 weeks of age. Altogether 460 dead radio-collared calves were found from calving in May until winter round-ups in October-January. In northern mountain herding cooperatives, the average mortality of calves varied between 7-12%. On average, 39-54% of calves found dead were attributed to predation. Golden eagles killed 0-3.5% of calves in different years and areas in Ivalo and Käsivarsi cooperatives. Golden eagles were responsible for 33-43% of the cases and 84-93% of all identified predation. Most calves killed by golden eagles were found in July-August and in open areas. Calves killed by golden eagles were significantly (P<0.01) lighter than those not predated. No predation occurred in the Poikajärvi cooperative, but the annual mortality of calves varied between 0-35% in cooperatives near the Russian border. In Oivanki cooperative brown bears killed on average 2% of the radio-collared calves. Most predation (87%) occurred at the end of May and in early June. In the Kallioluoma cooperative, predator-killed calves found comprised 53% and wolf-killed 45%. Predation was 70% of total mortality in the Halla cooperative, and predation by wolf, bear, lynx and wolverine comprised on average 38%, 20%, 9% and 2.3%, respectively. The sex and pelt color did not significantly affect survival of calves. Birth weight of calves killed by bears was significantly (P<0.01) lighter than those not killed, but those calves killed by lynxes were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than that survived. Bears killed calves mainly in May-July, wolves in July-October and lynx in August-December. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Finland Rangifer Rangifer tarandus wolverine Lynx Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Ivalo ENVELOPE(27.543,27.543,68.651,68.651) Kallioluoma ENVELOPE(29.662,29.662,65.731,65.731) Oivanki ENVELOPE(29.044,29.044,66.063,66.063) Poikajärvi ENVELOPE(25.800,25.800,66.667,66.667) Rangifer 79 90 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
calf mortality predation radio telemetry semi-domesticated reindeer survival Animal culture SF1-1100 |
spellingShingle |
calf mortality predation radio telemetry semi-domesticated reindeer survival Animal culture SF1-1100 Mauri Nieminen Harri Norberg Veikko Maijala Calf mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the Finnish reindeer-herding area |
topic_facet |
calf mortality predation radio telemetry semi-domesticated reindeer survival Animal culture SF1-1100 |
description |
During 1999-2008 calf mortality was studied in six reindeer-herding cooperatives in Northern Finland, where 3942 semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves were equipped with radio mortality collars. The calves were weighed and earmarked mostly at 2-5 days of age, or at 2-8 weeks of age. Altogether 460 dead radio-collared calves were found from calving in May until winter round-ups in October-January. In northern mountain herding cooperatives, the average mortality of calves varied between 7-12%. On average, 39-54% of calves found dead were attributed to predation. Golden eagles killed 0-3.5% of calves in different years and areas in Ivalo and Käsivarsi cooperatives. Golden eagles were responsible for 33-43% of the cases and 84-93% of all identified predation. Most calves killed by golden eagles were found in July-August and in open areas. Calves killed by golden eagles were significantly (P<0.01) lighter than those not predated. No predation occurred in the Poikajärvi cooperative, but the annual mortality of calves varied between 0-35% in cooperatives near the Russian border. In Oivanki cooperative brown bears killed on average 2% of the radio-collared calves. Most predation (87%) occurred at the end of May and in early June. In the Kallioluoma cooperative, predator-killed calves found comprised 53% and wolf-killed 45%. Predation was 70% of total mortality in the Halla cooperative, and predation by wolf, bear, lynx and wolverine comprised on average 38%, 20%, 9% and 2.3%, respectively. The sex and pelt color did not significantly affect survival of calves. Birth weight of calves killed by bears was significantly (P<0.01) lighter than those not killed, but those calves killed by lynxes were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than that survived. Bears killed calves mainly in May-July, wolves in July-October and lynx in August-December. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mauri Nieminen Harri Norberg Veikko Maijala |
author_facet |
Mauri Nieminen Harri Norberg Veikko Maijala |
author_sort |
Mauri Nieminen |
title |
Calf mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the Finnish reindeer-herding area |
title_short |
Calf mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the Finnish reindeer-herding area |
title_full |
Calf mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the Finnish reindeer-herding area |
title_fullStr |
Calf mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the Finnish reindeer-herding area |
title_full_unstemmed |
Calf mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the Finnish reindeer-herding area |
title_sort |
calf mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the finnish reindeer-herding area |
publisher |
Septentrio Academic Publishing |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2531 https://doaj.org/article/04de34b97ec04f99b7097e7f93dff2a4 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(27.543,27.543,68.651,68.651) ENVELOPE(29.662,29.662,65.731,65.731) ENVELOPE(29.044,29.044,66.063,66.063) ENVELOPE(25.800,25.800,66.667,66.667) |
geographic |
Ivalo Kallioluoma Oivanki Poikajärvi |
geographic_facet |
Ivalo Kallioluoma Oivanki Poikajärvi |
genre |
Northern Finland Rangifer Rangifer tarandus wolverine Lynx |
genre_facet |
Northern Finland Rangifer Rangifer tarandus wolverine Lynx |
op_source |
Rangifer, Vol 33, Iss 2 (2013) |
op_relation |
https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/2531 https://doaj.org/toc/1890-6729 doi:10.7557/2.33.2.2531 1890-6729 https://doaj.org/article/04de34b97ec04f99b7097e7f93dff2a4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.2.2531 |
container_title |
Rangifer |
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79 |
op_container_end_page |
90 |
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