Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the light transfer through sea ice with a focus on bio-optical substances both in fast ice and in the drift ice zones in the northern Baltic Sea. The measurements included snow and ice structure, spectral irradiance and photosynthetically active radi...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:047926f1e24c44b2937985a7d7e8da36 2023-05-15T18:17:27+02:00 Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea Elina Kari Arttu Jutila Anna Friedrichs Matti Leppäranta Susanne Kratzer 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2020.04.001 https://doaj.org/article/047926f1e24c44b2937985a7d7e8da36 EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0078323420300324 https://doaj.org/toc/0078-3234 0078-3234 doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2020.04.001 https://doaj.org/article/047926f1e24c44b2937985a7d7e8da36 Oceanologia, Vol 62, Iss 3, Pp 347-363 (2020) Light transfer Sea ice Diffuse attenuation coefficient Coloured dissolved organic matter Scattering Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2020.04.001 2022-12-31T00:10:47Z Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the light transfer through sea ice with a focus on bio-optical substances both in fast ice and in the drift ice zones in the northern Baltic Sea. The measurements included snow and ice structure, spectral irradiance and photosynthetically active radiation below the sea ice. We also measured the concentrations of the three main bio-optical substances which are chlorophyll-a, suspended particulate matter, and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). These bio-optical substances were determined for melted ice samples and for the underlying sea water. The present study provides the first spectral light transfer data set for drift ice in the Baltic Sea. We found high CDOM absorption values typical to the Baltic Sea waters also within sea ice. Our results showed that the transmittance through bare ice was lower for the coastal fast ice than for the drift ice sites. Bio-optical substances, in particular CDOM, modified the spectral distribution of light penetrating through the ice cover. Differences in crystal structure and the amount of gas inclusions in the ice caused variation in the light transfer. Snow cover on ice was found to be the dominant factor influencing the light field under ice, confirming previous studies. In conclusion, snow cover dominated the amount of light under the ice, but did not modify its spectral composition. CDOM in the ice absorbs strongly in the short wavelengths. As pure water absorbs most in the long wavelengths, the light transfer through ice was highest in the green (549–585 nm). Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Oceanologia 62 3 347 363 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Light transfer Sea ice Diffuse attenuation coefficient Coloured dissolved organic matter Scattering Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
Light transfer Sea ice Diffuse attenuation coefficient Coloured dissolved organic matter Scattering Oceanography GC1-1581 Elina Kari Arttu Jutila Anna Friedrichs Matti Leppäranta Susanne Kratzer Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea |
topic_facet |
Light transfer Sea ice Diffuse attenuation coefficient Coloured dissolved organic matter Scattering Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the light transfer through sea ice with a focus on bio-optical substances both in fast ice and in the drift ice zones in the northern Baltic Sea. The measurements included snow and ice structure, spectral irradiance and photosynthetically active radiation below the sea ice. We also measured the concentrations of the three main bio-optical substances which are chlorophyll-a, suspended particulate matter, and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). These bio-optical substances were determined for melted ice samples and for the underlying sea water. The present study provides the first spectral light transfer data set for drift ice in the Baltic Sea. We found high CDOM absorption values typical to the Baltic Sea waters also within sea ice. Our results showed that the transmittance through bare ice was lower for the coastal fast ice than for the drift ice sites. Bio-optical substances, in particular CDOM, modified the spectral distribution of light penetrating through the ice cover. Differences in crystal structure and the amount of gas inclusions in the ice caused variation in the light transfer. Snow cover on ice was found to be the dominant factor influencing the light field under ice, confirming previous studies. In conclusion, snow cover dominated the amount of light under the ice, but did not modify its spectral composition. CDOM in the ice absorbs strongly in the short wavelengths. As pure water absorbs most in the long wavelengths, the light transfer through ice was highest in the green (549–585 nm). |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Elina Kari Arttu Jutila Anna Friedrichs Matti Leppäranta Susanne Kratzer |
author_facet |
Elina Kari Arttu Jutila Anna Friedrichs Matti Leppäranta Susanne Kratzer |
author_sort |
Elina Kari |
title |
Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea |
title_short |
Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea |
title_full |
Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea |
title_fullStr |
Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern Baltic Sea |
title_sort |
measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the northern baltic sea |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2020.04.001 https://doaj.org/article/047926f1e24c44b2937985a7d7e8da36 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Oceanologia, Vol 62, Iss 3, Pp 347-363 (2020) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0078323420300324 https://doaj.org/toc/0078-3234 0078-3234 doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2020.04.001 https://doaj.org/article/047926f1e24c44b2937985a7d7e8da36 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2020.04.001 |
container_title |
Oceanologia |
container_volume |
62 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
347 |
op_container_end_page |
363 |
_version_ |
1766191675416248320 |