Synechococcus in the Atlantic gateway to the Arctic Ocean
Increasing temperatures, with pronounced effects at high latitudes, have raised questions about potential changes in species composition, as well as possible increased importance of small-celled phytoplankton in marine systems. In this study, we mapped out one of the smallest and globally most wides...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:035bb31fcd154b15971c7cad98152293 2023-05-15T14:54:41+02:00 Synechococcus in the Atlantic gateway to the Arctic Ocean Maria Lund Paulsen Hugo Doré Laurence Garczarek Lena Seuthe Oliver Müller Ruth-Anne Sandaa Gunnar Bratbak Aud Larsen 2016-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 https://doaj.org/article/035bb31fcd154b15971c7cad98152293 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 https://doaj.org/article/035bb31fcd154b15971c7cad98152293 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 3 (2016) Flow Cytometry Svalbard Synechococcus sea ice Temperature adaptation High latitude ecosystems Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 2022-12-31T00:56:07Z Increasing temperatures, with pronounced effects at high latitudes, have raised questions about potential changes in species composition, as well as possible increased importance of small-celled phytoplankton in marine systems. In this study, we mapped out one of the smallest and globally most widespread primary producers, the picocyanobacterium Synechococcus, within the Atlantic inflow to the Arctic Ocean. In contrast to the general understanding that Synechococcus is almost absent in polar oceans due to low temperatures, we encountered high abundances (up to 21,000 cells mL-1) at 79 °N, and documented their presence as far north as 82.5 °N. Covering an annual cycle in 2014, we found that during autumn and winter, Synechococcus was often more abundant than picoeukaryotes, which usually dominate the picophytoplankton communities in the Arctic. Synechococcus community composition shifted from a quite high genetic diversity during the spring bloom to a clear dominance of two specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in autumn and winter. We observed abundances higher than 1,000 cells mL-1 in water colder than 2 °C at seven distinct stations and size-fractionation experiments demonstrated a net growth of Synechococcus at 2 °C in the absence of nano-sized grazers at certain periods of the year. Phylogenetic analysis of petB sequences demonstrated that these high latitude Synechococcus group within the previously described cold-adapted clades I and IV, but also contributed to unveil novel genetic diversity, especially within clade I. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Phytoplankton Sea ice Svalbard Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Frontiers in Marine Science 3 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Flow Cytometry Svalbard Synechococcus sea ice Temperature adaptation High latitude ecosystems Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
Flow Cytometry Svalbard Synechococcus sea ice Temperature adaptation High latitude ecosystems Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Maria Lund Paulsen Hugo Doré Laurence Garczarek Lena Seuthe Oliver Müller Ruth-Anne Sandaa Gunnar Bratbak Aud Larsen Synechococcus in the Atlantic gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
topic_facet |
Flow Cytometry Svalbard Synechococcus sea ice Temperature adaptation High latitude ecosystems Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Increasing temperatures, with pronounced effects at high latitudes, have raised questions about potential changes in species composition, as well as possible increased importance of small-celled phytoplankton in marine systems. In this study, we mapped out one of the smallest and globally most widespread primary producers, the picocyanobacterium Synechococcus, within the Atlantic inflow to the Arctic Ocean. In contrast to the general understanding that Synechococcus is almost absent in polar oceans due to low temperatures, we encountered high abundances (up to 21,000 cells mL-1) at 79 °N, and documented their presence as far north as 82.5 °N. Covering an annual cycle in 2014, we found that during autumn and winter, Synechococcus was often more abundant than picoeukaryotes, which usually dominate the picophytoplankton communities in the Arctic. Synechococcus community composition shifted from a quite high genetic diversity during the spring bloom to a clear dominance of two specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in autumn and winter. We observed abundances higher than 1,000 cells mL-1 in water colder than 2 °C at seven distinct stations and size-fractionation experiments demonstrated a net growth of Synechococcus at 2 °C in the absence of nano-sized grazers at certain periods of the year. Phylogenetic analysis of petB sequences demonstrated that these high latitude Synechococcus group within the previously described cold-adapted clades I and IV, but also contributed to unveil novel genetic diversity, especially within clade I. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Maria Lund Paulsen Hugo Doré Laurence Garczarek Lena Seuthe Oliver Müller Ruth-Anne Sandaa Gunnar Bratbak Aud Larsen |
author_facet |
Maria Lund Paulsen Hugo Doré Laurence Garczarek Lena Seuthe Oliver Müller Ruth-Anne Sandaa Gunnar Bratbak Aud Larsen |
author_sort |
Maria Lund Paulsen |
title |
Synechococcus in the Atlantic gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
Synechococcus in the Atlantic gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
Synechococcus in the Atlantic gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Synechococcus in the Atlantic gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Synechococcus in the Atlantic gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
synechococcus in the atlantic gateway to the arctic ocean |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 https://doaj.org/article/035bb31fcd154b15971c7cad98152293 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Phytoplankton Sea ice Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Phytoplankton Sea ice Svalbard |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 3 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 https://doaj.org/article/035bb31fcd154b15971c7cad98152293 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
3 |
_version_ |
1766326450249531392 |