Small Scale Factors Modify Impacts of Temperature, Ice Scour and Waves and Drive Rocky Intertidal Community Structure in a Greenland Fjord
Understanding the influence of physical drivers and their scale-dependent interactions on ecosystem structure and function is becoming increasingly relevant as ecologists are challenged to quantify and predict the biological implications of anthropogenic activities and climate changes. Here, we aim...
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2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.607135 https://doaj.org/article/03291e3b9fdb49a89954ddb7f46de07d |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:03291e3b9fdb49a89954ddb7f46de07d 2023-05-15T15:03:37+02:00 Small Scale Factors Modify Impacts of Temperature, Ice Scour and Waves and Drive Rocky Intertidal Community Structure in a Greenland Fjord Mikael K. Sejr Kim N. Mouritsen Dorte Krause-Jensen Birgit Olesen Martin Emil Blicher Jakob Thyrring 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.607135 https://doaj.org/article/03291e3b9fdb49a89954ddb7f46de07d EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.607135/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.607135 https://doaj.org/article/03291e3b9fdb49a89954ddb7f46de07d Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 7 (2021) intertidal Arctic Greenland algae sea ice community structure Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.607135 2022-12-31T06:15:08Z Understanding the influence of physical drivers and their scale-dependent interactions on ecosystem structure and function is becoming increasingly relevant as ecologists are challenged to quantify and predict the biological implications of anthropogenic activities and climate changes. Here, we aim to quantify the impact of multiple physical drivers (ice scour, wave exposure, and air temperature) and their interactions with small scale modifying factors (tidal level, substrate rugosity, and canopy forming macroalgae) on rocky intertidal community structure. We did this by quantifying intertidal biomass, cover and species richness at three tidal levels (high, mid, and low) at four sites in a sub-arctic Greenland fjord. We found a well-developed intertidal community, with a total of 16 macroalgae and 20 invertebrate species. At one locality, the total biomass was dominated by canopy forming algae exceeding 16 kg wet weight per m–2. Physical stress from ice scour, waves, and air exposure had negative effects on all three community metrics but important interactions and modifying processes were identified. The effect of tidal level differed between sites ranging from an absence of organisms at both high- and mid-intertidal level at the most ice- and wave exposed site to extensive cover across all three tidal levels at the wave and ice sheltered site. Canopy forming macroalgae and substrate rugosity both modified the impacts of physical stress. In the absence of ice scour, canopy forming algae formed extensive cover that modified extreme air temperatures, and the abundance of dominant invertebrate species were all positively related to the biomass of macroalgae. Rugosity provided refuge from ice scour, facilitating increased species richness and cover at exposed sites. Moreover, we detected no negative effects of fast ice, and ice scour impacts were primarily found where presence of glacial ice was combined with wave exposure. Our results provide an example of how large-scale physical factors pass through a filter of ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Greenland Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Greenland Frontiers in Marine Science 7 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
intertidal Arctic Greenland algae sea ice community structure Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
intertidal Arctic Greenland algae sea ice community structure Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Mikael K. Sejr Kim N. Mouritsen Dorte Krause-Jensen Birgit Olesen Martin Emil Blicher Jakob Thyrring Small Scale Factors Modify Impacts of Temperature, Ice Scour and Waves and Drive Rocky Intertidal Community Structure in a Greenland Fjord |
topic_facet |
intertidal Arctic Greenland algae sea ice community structure Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Understanding the influence of physical drivers and their scale-dependent interactions on ecosystem structure and function is becoming increasingly relevant as ecologists are challenged to quantify and predict the biological implications of anthropogenic activities and climate changes. Here, we aim to quantify the impact of multiple physical drivers (ice scour, wave exposure, and air temperature) and their interactions with small scale modifying factors (tidal level, substrate rugosity, and canopy forming macroalgae) on rocky intertidal community structure. We did this by quantifying intertidal biomass, cover and species richness at three tidal levels (high, mid, and low) at four sites in a sub-arctic Greenland fjord. We found a well-developed intertidal community, with a total of 16 macroalgae and 20 invertebrate species. At one locality, the total biomass was dominated by canopy forming algae exceeding 16 kg wet weight per m–2. Physical stress from ice scour, waves, and air exposure had negative effects on all three community metrics but important interactions and modifying processes were identified. The effect of tidal level differed between sites ranging from an absence of organisms at both high- and mid-intertidal level at the most ice- and wave exposed site to extensive cover across all three tidal levels at the wave and ice sheltered site. Canopy forming macroalgae and substrate rugosity both modified the impacts of physical stress. In the absence of ice scour, canopy forming algae formed extensive cover that modified extreme air temperatures, and the abundance of dominant invertebrate species were all positively related to the biomass of macroalgae. Rugosity provided refuge from ice scour, facilitating increased species richness and cover at exposed sites. Moreover, we detected no negative effects of fast ice, and ice scour impacts were primarily found where presence of glacial ice was combined with wave exposure. Our results provide an example of how large-scale physical factors pass through a filter of ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mikael K. Sejr Kim N. Mouritsen Dorte Krause-Jensen Birgit Olesen Martin Emil Blicher Jakob Thyrring |
author_facet |
Mikael K. Sejr Kim N. Mouritsen Dorte Krause-Jensen Birgit Olesen Martin Emil Blicher Jakob Thyrring |
author_sort |
Mikael K. Sejr |
title |
Small Scale Factors Modify Impacts of Temperature, Ice Scour and Waves and Drive Rocky Intertidal Community Structure in a Greenland Fjord |
title_short |
Small Scale Factors Modify Impacts of Temperature, Ice Scour and Waves and Drive Rocky Intertidal Community Structure in a Greenland Fjord |
title_full |
Small Scale Factors Modify Impacts of Temperature, Ice Scour and Waves and Drive Rocky Intertidal Community Structure in a Greenland Fjord |
title_fullStr |
Small Scale Factors Modify Impacts of Temperature, Ice Scour and Waves and Drive Rocky Intertidal Community Structure in a Greenland Fjord |
title_full_unstemmed |
Small Scale Factors Modify Impacts of Temperature, Ice Scour and Waves and Drive Rocky Intertidal Community Structure in a Greenland Fjord |
title_sort |
small scale factors modify impacts of temperature, ice scour and waves and drive rocky intertidal community structure in a greenland fjord |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.607135 https://doaj.org/article/03291e3b9fdb49a89954ddb7f46de07d |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Greenland Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Greenland Sea ice |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 7 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.607135/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.607135 https://doaj.org/article/03291e3b9fdb49a89954ddb7f46de07d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.607135 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
7 |
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1766335472314875904 |