Surface meltwater drainage and ponding on Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, 1973–2019

• Published in: Journal of Glaciology
• Main Authors: Julian J. Spergel, Jonathan Kingslake, Timothy Creyts, Melchior van Wessem, Helen A. Fricker
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press 2021
• Subjects: melt-surface; remote sensing; ice shelves; Antarctic glaciology; Environmental sciences; GE1-350; Meteorology. Climatology; QC851-999; Antarctic; East Antarctica; Amery; Amery Ice Shelf; Antarc*; Antarctica; Ice Shelf; Ice Shelves; Journal of Glaciology
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.46; https://doaj.org/article/0054a5a5de4143bf9e3d07fa7936f8e7

Surface melting on Amery Ice Shelf (AIS), East Antarctica, produces an extensive supraglacial drainage system consisting of hundreds of lakes connected by surface channels. This drainage system forms most summers on the southern portion of AIS, transporting meltwater large distances northward, toward the ice front and terminating in lakes. Here we use satellite imagery, Landsat (1, 4 and 8), MODIS multispectral and Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar to examine the seasonal and interannual evolution of the drainage system over nearly five decades (1972–2019). We estimate seasonal meltwater input to one lake by integrating output from the regional climate model [Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO 2.3p2)] over its catchment defined using the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica. We find only weak positive relationships between modeled seasonal meltwater input and lake area and between meltwater input and lake volume. Consecutive years of extensive melting lead to year-on-year expansion of the drainage system, potentially through a link between melt production, refreezing in firn and the maximum extent of the lakes at the downstream termini of drainage. These mechanisms are important when evaluating the potential of drainage systems to grow in response to increased melting, delivering meltwater to areas of ice shelves vulnerable to hydrofracture.