Reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as a case study.
Zoonoses disproportionately affect tropical communities and are associated with human modification and use of ecosystems. Effective management is hampered by poor ecological understanding of disease transmission and often focuses on human vaccination or treatment. Better ecological understanding of...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:001dc843a7dd4fea9a3fa9f903bd8a64 2023-05-15T15:14:20+02:00 Reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as a case study. Sarah J Burthe Stefanie M Schäfer Festus A Asaaga Natrajan Balakrishnan Mohammed Mudasssar Chanda Narayanaswamy Darshan Subhash L Hoti Shivani K Kiran Tanya Seshadri Prashanth N Srinivas Abi T Vanak Bethan V Purse 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243 https://doaj.org/article/001dc843a7dd4fea9a3fa9f903bd8a64 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243 https://doaj.org/article/001dc843a7dd4fea9a3fa9f903bd8a64 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 4, p e0009243 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243 2023-03-19T01:28:36Z Zoonoses disproportionately affect tropical communities and are associated with human modification and use of ecosystems. Effective management is hampered by poor ecological understanding of disease transmission and often focuses on human vaccination or treatment. Better ecological understanding of multi-vector and multi-host transmission, social and environmental factors altering human exposure, might enable a broader suite of management options. Options may include "ecological interventions" that target vectors or hosts and require good knowledge of underlying transmission processes, which may be more effective, economical, and long lasting than conventional approaches. New frameworks identify the hierarchical series of barriers that a pathogen needs to overcome before human spillover occurs and demonstrate how ecological interventions may strengthen these barriers and complement human-focused disease control. We extend these frameworks for vector-borne zoonoses, focusing on Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV), a tick-borne, neglected zoonosis affecting poor forest communities in India, involving complex communities of tick and host species. We identify the hierarchical barriers to pathogen transmission targeted by existing management. We show that existing interventions mainly focus on human barriers (via personal protection and vaccination) or at barriers relating to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) vectors (tick control on cattle and at the sites of host (monkey) deaths). We review the validity of existing management guidance for KFD through literature review and interviews with disease managers. Efficacy of interventions was difficult to quantify due to poor empirical understanding of KFDV-vector-host ecology, particularly the role of cattle and monkeys in the disease transmission cycle. Cattle are hypothesised to amplify tick populations. Monkeys may act as sentinels of human infection or are hypothesised to act as amplifying hosts for KFDV, but the spatial scale of risk arising from ticks infected via ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 4 e0009243 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Sarah J Burthe Stefanie M Schäfer Festus A Asaaga Natrajan Balakrishnan Mohammed Mudasssar Chanda Narayanaswamy Darshan Subhash L Hoti Shivani K Kiran Tanya Seshadri Prashanth N Srinivas Abi T Vanak Bethan V Purse Reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as a case study. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Zoonoses disproportionately affect tropical communities and are associated with human modification and use of ecosystems. Effective management is hampered by poor ecological understanding of disease transmission and often focuses on human vaccination or treatment. Better ecological understanding of multi-vector and multi-host transmission, social and environmental factors altering human exposure, might enable a broader suite of management options. Options may include "ecological interventions" that target vectors or hosts and require good knowledge of underlying transmission processes, which may be more effective, economical, and long lasting than conventional approaches. New frameworks identify the hierarchical series of barriers that a pathogen needs to overcome before human spillover occurs and demonstrate how ecological interventions may strengthen these barriers and complement human-focused disease control. We extend these frameworks for vector-borne zoonoses, focusing on Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV), a tick-borne, neglected zoonosis affecting poor forest communities in India, involving complex communities of tick and host species. We identify the hierarchical barriers to pathogen transmission targeted by existing management. We show that existing interventions mainly focus on human barriers (via personal protection and vaccination) or at barriers relating to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) vectors (tick control on cattle and at the sites of host (monkey) deaths). We review the validity of existing management guidance for KFD through literature review and interviews with disease managers. Efficacy of interventions was difficult to quantify due to poor empirical understanding of KFDV-vector-host ecology, particularly the role of cattle and monkeys in the disease transmission cycle. Cattle are hypothesised to amplify tick populations. Monkeys may act as sentinels of human infection or are hypothesised to act as amplifying hosts for KFDV, but the spatial scale of risk arising from ticks infected via ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sarah J Burthe Stefanie M Schäfer Festus A Asaaga Natrajan Balakrishnan Mohammed Mudasssar Chanda Narayanaswamy Darshan Subhash L Hoti Shivani K Kiran Tanya Seshadri Prashanth N Srinivas Abi T Vanak Bethan V Purse |
author_facet |
Sarah J Burthe Stefanie M Schäfer Festus A Asaaga Natrajan Balakrishnan Mohammed Mudasssar Chanda Narayanaswamy Darshan Subhash L Hoti Shivani K Kiran Tanya Seshadri Prashanth N Srinivas Abi T Vanak Bethan V Purse |
author_sort |
Sarah J Burthe |
title |
Reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as a case study. |
title_short |
Reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as a case study. |
title_full |
Reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as a case study. |
title_fullStr |
Reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as a case study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as a case study. |
title_sort |
reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: kyasanur forest disease in india as a case study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243 https://doaj.org/article/001dc843a7dd4fea9a3fa9f903bd8a64 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 4, p e0009243 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243 https://doaj.org/article/001dc843a7dd4fea9a3fa9f903bd8a64 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
e0009243 |
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1766344803294904320 |