Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion
Record-breaking wildfires raged in southeastern Australia in late December 2019 and early January 2020. Rather strong pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) convection developed over the fire areas and lofted enormous amounts of biomass burning smoke into the tropopause region and caused the strongest wildfire-r...
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Online Access: | https://elib.dlr.de/186826/ https://elib.dlr.de/186826/1/acp-22-7417-2022.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/7417/2022/ |
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ftdlr:oai:elib.dlr.de:186826 2023-05-15T13:51:36+02:00 Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion Ohneiser, Kevin Ansmann, Albert Kaifler, Bernd Chudnovsky, Alexandra Barja, Boris Knopf, D. A. Kaifler, Natalie Baars, Holger Seifert, Patric Villanueva, Diego Jimenez, Cristofer Radenz, Martin Engelmann, Ronny Veselovskii, Igor Zamorano, Félix 2022-06-09 application/pdf https://elib.dlr.de/186826/ https://elib.dlr.de/186826/1/acp-22-7417-2022.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/7417/2022/ en eng Copernicus Publications https://elib.dlr.de/186826/1/acp-22-7417-2022.pdf Ohneiser, Kevin und Ansmann, Albert und Kaifler, Bernd und Chudnovsky, Alexandra und Barja, Boris und Knopf, D. A. und Kaifler, Natalie und Baars, Holger und Seifert, Patric und Villanueva, Diego und Jimenez, Cristofer und Radenz, Martin und Engelmann, Ronny und Veselovskii, Igor und Zamorano, Félix (2022) Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), 22 (11), Seiten 7417-7442. Copernicus Publications. doi:10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022>. ISSN 1680-7316. cc_by CC-BY Lidar Zeitschriftenbeitrag PeerReviewed 2022 ftdlr https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022 2022-06-19T23:13:00Z Record-breaking wildfires raged in southeastern Australia in late December 2019 and early January 2020. Rather strong pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) convection developed over the fire areas and lofted enormous amounts of biomass burning smoke into the tropopause region and caused the strongest wildfire-related stratospheric aerosol perturbation ever observed around the globe. We discuss the geometrical, optical, and microphysical properties of the stratospheric smoke layers and the decay of this major stratospheric perturbation. A multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at Punta Arenas (53.2∘ S, 70.9∘ W), southern Chile, and an elastic backscatter Raman lidar at Río Grande (53.8∘ S, 67.7∘ W) in southern Argentina, were operated to monitor the major record-breaking event until the end of 2021. These lidar measurements can be regarded as representative for mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. A unique dynamical feature, an anticyclonic, smoke-filled vortex with 1000 km horizontal width and 5 km vertical extent, which ascended by about 500 m d−1, was observed over the full last week of January 2020. The key results of the long-term study are as follows. The smoke layers extended, on average, from 9 to 24 km in height. The smoke partly ascended to more than 30 km height as a result of self-lofting processes. Clear signs of a smoke impact on the record-breaking ozone hole over Antarctica in September–November 2020 were found. A slow decay of the stratospheric perturbation detected by means of the 532 nm aerosol optical thickness (AOT) yielded an e-folding decay time of 19–20 months. The maximum smoke AOT was around 1.0 over Punta Arenas in January 2020 and thus 2 to 3 orders of magnitude above the stratospheric aerosol background of 0.005. After 2 months with strongly varying smoke conditions, the 532 nm AOT decreased to 0.03-0.06 from March–December 2020 and to 0.015–0.03 throughout 2021. The particle extinction coefficients at 532 nm were in the range of 10–75 Mm−1 in January 2020 and, later on, mostly ... Other Non-Article Part of Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica German Aerospace Center: elib - DLR electronic library Argentina Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22 11 7417 7442 |
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German Aerospace Center: elib - DLR electronic library |
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ftdlr |
language |
English |
topic |
Lidar |
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Lidar Ohneiser, Kevin Ansmann, Albert Kaifler, Bernd Chudnovsky, Alexandra Barja, Boris Knopf, D. A. Kaifler, Natalie Baars, Holger Seifert, Patric Villanueva, Diego Jimenez, Cristofer Radenz, Martin Engelmann, Ronny Veselovskii, Igor Zamorano, Félix Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion |
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Lidar |
description |
Record-breaking wildfires raged in southeastern Australia in late December 2019 and early January 2020. Rather strong pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) convection developed over the fire areas and lofted enormous amounts of biomass burning smoke into the tropopause region and caused the strongest wildfire-related stratospheric aerosol perturbation ever observed around the globe. We discuss the geometrical, optical, and microphysical properties of the stratospheric smoke layers and the decay of this major stratospheric perturbation. A multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at Punta Arenas (53.2∘ S, 70.9∘ W), southern Chile, and an elastic backscatter Raman lidar at Río Grande (53.8∘ S, 67.7∘ W) in southern Argentina, were operated to monitor the major record-breaking event until the end of 2021. These lidar measurements can be regarded as representative for mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. A unique dynamical feature, an anticyclonic, smoke-filled vortex with 1000 km horizontal width and 5 km vertical extent, which ascended by about 500 m d−1, was observed over the full last week of January 2020. The key results of the long-term study are as follows. The smoke layers extended, on average, from 9 to 24 km in height. The smoke partly ascended to more than 30 km height as a result of self-lofting processes. Clear signs of a smoke impact on the record-breaking ozone hole over Antarctica in September–November 2020 were found. A slow decay of the stratospheric perturbation detected by means of the 532 nm aerosol optical thickness (AOT) yielded an e-folding decay time of 19–20 months. The maximum smoke AOT was around 1.0 over Punta Arenas in January 2020 and thus 2 to 3 orders of magnitude above the stratospheric aerosol background of 0.005. After 2 months with strongly varying smoke conditions, the 532 nm AOT decreased to 0.03-0.06 from March–December 2020 and to 0.015–0.03 throughout 2021. The particle extinction coefficients at 532 nm were in the range of 10–75 Mm−1 in January 2020 and, later on, mostly ... |
format |
Other Non-Article Part of Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ohneiser, Kevin Ansmann, Albert Kaifler, Bernd Chudnovsky, Alexandra Barja, Boris Knopf, D. A. Kaifler, Natalie Baars, Holger Seifert, Patric Villanueva, Diego Jimenez, Cristofer Radenz, Martin Engelmann, Ronny Veselovskii, Igor Zamorano, Félix |
author_facet |
Ohneiser, Kevin Ansmann, Albert Kaifler, Bernd Chudnovsky, Alexandra Barja, Boris Knopf, D. A. Kaifler, Natalie Baars, Holger Seifert, Patric Villanueva, Diego Jimenez, Cristofer Radenz, Martin Engelmann, Ronny Veselovskii, Igor Zamorano, Félix |
author_sort |
Ohneiser, Kevin |
title |
Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion |
title_short |
Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion |
title_full |
Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion |
title_fullStr |
Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion |
title_full_unstemmed |
Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion |
title_sort |
australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://elib.dlr.de/186826/ https://elib.dlr.de/186826/1/acp-22-7417-2022.pdf https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/7417/2022/ |
geographic |
Argentina |
geographic_facet |
Argentina |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
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Antarc* Antarctica |
op_relation |
https://elib.dlr.de/186826/1/acp-22-7417-2022.pdf Ohneiser, Kevin und Ansmann, Albert und Kaifler, Bernd und Chudnovsky, Alexandra und Barja, Boris und Knopf, D. A. und Kaifler, Natalie und Baars, Holger und Seifert, Patric und Villanueva, Diego und Jimenez, Cristofer und Radenz, Martin und Engelmann, Ronny und Veselovskii, Igor und Zamorano, Félix (2022) Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), 22 (11), Seiten 7417-7442. Copernicus Publications. doi:10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022>. ISSN 1680-7316. |
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cc_by |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022 |
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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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22 |
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11 |
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7417 |
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