Constraining uncertainties in CMIP5 projections of September Arctic sea ice extent with observations
In agreement with observations, Earth system models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 simulate a decline in September Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) over the past decades. However, the spread in their 21st-century SIE projections is large and the timing of the first ice...
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ftdlr:oai:elib.dlr.de:130617 2023-11-12T04:09:57+01:00 Constraining uncertainties in CMIP5 projections of September Arctic sea ice extent with observations Senftleben, Daniel Lauer, Axel Karpechko, Alexey 2020-02 application/pdf https://elib.dlr.de/130617/ https://elib.dlr.de/130617/1/Alet-Lauer-ConstrainUncertCMIP5-JCli2020.pdf https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0075.1 en eng American Meteorological Society https://elib.dlr.de/130617/1/Alet-Lauer-ConstrainUncertCMIP5-JCli2020.pdf Senftleben, Daniel und Lauer, Axel und Karpechko, Alexey (2020) Constraining uncertainties in CMIP5 projections of September Arctic sea ice extent with observations. Journal of Climate, 33 (2), Seiten 1487-1503. American Meteorological Society. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0075.1 <https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0075.1>. ISSN 0894-8755. Erdsystemmodell -Evaluation und -Analyse Zeitschriftenbeitrag PeerReviewed 2020 ftdlr https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0075.1 2023-10-30T00:23:54Z In agreement with observations, Earth system models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 simulate a decline in September Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) over the past decades. However, the spread in their 21st-century SIE projections is large and the timing of the first ice-free Arctic summer ranges between 2020 to beyond 2100. The uncertainties arise from three sources (internal variability, model uncertainty and scenario uncertainty), which are quantified in this study for projections of SIE. The goal is to narrow uncertainties by applying a Multiple Diagnostic Ensemble Regression (MDER). MDER links future projections of sea ice extent to processes relevant to its simulation under present-day conditions using data covering the past 40 years. With this method, we can reduce model uncertainty in projections of SIE for the period 2020-2044 by 30 to 50% (0.8 to 1.3 million km²). Compared to the unweighted multi-model mean, the MDER-weighted mean projects an about 20% smaller SIE and an earlier near-disappearance of Arctic sea ice by more than a decade for a high greenhouse gas scenario. We also show that two different methods estimating internal variability in SIE differ by 1 million km². Regardless, the total uncertainties in the SIE projections remain large (up to 3.5 million km², with irreducible internal variability contributing 30%) so that a precise time estimate of an ice-free Arctic proves impossible. We conclude that unweighted CMIP5 multi-model mean projections of Arctic SIE are too optimistic and mitigation strategies to reduce Arctic warming need to be intensified. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Sea ice German Aerospace Center: elib - DLR electronic library Arctic Journal of Climate 33 4 1487 1503 |
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Open Polar |
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German Aerospace Center: elib - DLR electronic library |
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language |
English |
topic |
Erdsystemmodell -Evaluation und -Analyse |
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Erdsystemmodell -Evaluation und -Analyse Senftleben, Daniel Lauer, Axel Karpechko, Alexey Constraining uncertainties in CMIP5 projections of September Arctic sea ice extent with observations |
topic_facet |
Erdsystemmodell -Evaluation und -Analyse |
description |
In agreement with observations, Earth system models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 simulate a decline in September Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) over the past decades. However, the spread in their 21st-century SIE projections is large and the timing of the first ice-free Arctic summer ranges between 2020 to beyond 2100. The uncertainties arise from three sources (internal variability, model uncertainty and scenario uncertainty), which are quantified in this study for projections of SIE. The goal is to narrow uncertainties by applying a Multiple Diagnostic Ensemble Regression (MDER). MDER links future projections of sea ice extent to processes relevant to its simulation under present-day conditions using data covering the past 40 years. With this method, we can reduce model uncertainty in projections of SIE for the period 2020-2044 by 30 to 50% (0.8 to 1.3 million km²). Compared to the unweighted multi-model mean, the MDER-weighted mean projects an about 20% smaller SIE and an earlier near-disappearance of Arctic sea ice by more than a decade for a high greenhouse gas scenario. We also show that two different methods estimating internal variability in SIE differ by 1 million km². Regardless, the total uncertainties in the SIE projections remain large (up to 3.5 million km², with irreducible internal variability contributing 30%) so that a precise time estimate of an ice-free Arctic proves impossible. We conclude that unweighted CMIP5 multi-model mean projections of Arctic SIE are too optimistic and mitigation strategies to reduce Arctic warming need to be intensified. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Senftleben, Daniel Lauer, Axel Karpechko, Alexey |
author_facet |
Senftleben, Daniel Lauer, Axel Karpechko, Alexey |
author_sort |
Senftleben, Daniel |
title |
Constraining uncertainties in CMIP5 projections of September Arctic sea ice extent with observations |
title_short |
Constraining uncertainties in CMIP5 projections of September Arctic sea ice extent with observations |
title_full |
Constraining uncertainties in CMIP5 projections of September Arctic sea ice extent with observations |
title_fullStr |
Constraining uncertainties in CMIP5 projections of September Arctic sea ice extent with observations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Constraining uncertainties in CMIP5 projections of September Arctic sea ice extent with observations |
title_sort |
constraining uncertainties in cmip5 projections of september arctic sea ice extent with observations |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://elib.dlr.de/130617/ https://elib.dlr.de/130617/1/Alet-Lauer-ConstrainUncertCMIP5-JCli2020.pdf https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0075.1 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Sea ice |
op_relation |
https://elib.dlr.de/130617/1/Alet-Lauer-ConstrainUncertCMIP5-JCli2020.pdf Senftleben, Daniel und Lauer, Axel und Karpechko, Alexey (2020) Constraining uncertainties in CMIP5 projections of September Arctic sea ice extent with observations. Journal of Climate, 33 (2), Seiten 1487-1503. American Meteorological Society. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0075.1 <https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0075.1>. ISSN 0894-8755. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0075.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
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33 |
container_issue |
4 |
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1487 |
op_container_end_page |
1503 |
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1782329674299342848 |