KYZİKOS, HELLESPONTUS’DA BİR EYALET MERKEZİ / Cyzicus, the Center of a State in Hellespontus

• Main Author: KOÇHAN, Nurettin
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Turkish; English
• Published: Atatürk Üniversitesi 2014
• Subjects: Cyzicus,Dolion,Amphitheater,Theater,Agora.; Kyzikos,Dolion,Amfiteatr,Tiyatro,Agora.; Bear Island; Jupiter; Zeus
• Online Access: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunigsed/issue/2584/33252

The ancient city of Cyzicus, within the boundaries of the province of Balikesir’s Erdek district, is situated in the isthmus of the peninsula’s near the southern tip of Arktonnesos (Bear Island) pertained to as the mainland in ancient times, which is called Kapıdağı today. It is understood that Kapıdağı was at first an island, and then it became a peninsula when Cyzicus’s region combined with the mainland in AD 2 in Eastern Roman period. The earliest settlers of Cyzicus were Dolions. They migrated because of endless attacks of Eols from Thessalia. The history of Cyzicus began in 756 B.C. by Miletos when they colonized the region. Cyzicus was destroyed by an earthquake in 10.11.117 AD. when the Emperor Hadrian went on a trip for Anatolia in AD 124. When Hadrian came to Cyzicus, he helped to repair the Temple of Zeus (Jupiter). Cyzicus’s people were dedicated to this temple for Emperor Hadrian and began to rebuild this temple. Thus, Cyzicus became one of the cities that built a temple of Emperor after Pergamon and Smyrna in Anatolia. The Amphitheatre is one of three examples in Anatolia, the Amphitheatre is elliptical and ıt’s measuring are 155 x 180 m from outside to outside. East and west sides of the seats in the soil, north and south seats were based on a strong foot’s vaults in the stream bed. Cavea of the theater shows Hellenistic special features and ıt’s diameter is 145 m, it’s diameter of orchestra is 55 m. Ancient Cyzicus has been identified with two agoras by researchers. Kyzikos antik kenti, Balıkesir İli Erdek İlçesi sınırları içinde, antikdönemde Arktonnesos (Ayı Adası) olarak anılan günümüz KapıdağıYarımadası’nın anakara ile birleştiği kıstağın güney ucuna yakın kısımda yeralmaktadır.Kapıdağı’nın ilk önceleri ada, MS 2. yüzyıl ortalarından sonraanakara ile birleşerek Doğu Roma döneminde yarımada haline geldiğinikabul edebiliriz. Kyzikos’a en erken yerleşen Dolionlar, Aeol saldırılarısonucu Thessalia’dan göç etmiş. Ancak tarihi MÖ 756 da Miletos’unkolonize etmesi ile başlatılır. MÖ 546 da Lydia krallığı Persler tarafındanyıkılınca bölge, Persler’in eline geçmiş. Büyük İskender, Persler’e karşıdirenen Kyzikos’a idari açıdan serbesti tanır.Kent MS 10.11.117 yılında meydana gelen deprem ile tahrip olmuş.MS 124 yılında Anadolu gezisine çıkan İmparator Hadrian Kyzikos’ageldiğinde, kentin onarılmasına ve Jupiter (Zeus) tapınağının inşasınayardım etmiş. Halk da tapınağı Hadrian’a adamış ve inşasına başlanmış.Böylece Anadolu’da Pergamon ve Smyrna’dan sonra İmparator tapınağıyapan kent Kyzikos olmuş.Anadolu’daki üç örnekten biri olan Amfiteatr, dıştan dışa 155 x 180m ölçülerinde elips şeklindedir. Doğu ve batı yöndeki oturma basamaklarıtoprağa, dere yatağından dolayı güney ve kuzey yönlerdekiler ise güçlüayakların taşıdığı tonozlar üzerine oturtulmuştu.Hellenistik özellikler gösteren tiyatronun kaveası 145 m, orkestrası55 m çapındadır. Kyzikos antik kentinde iki agora da tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kyzikos, Dolion, Amfiteatr, Tiyatro, Agora.AbstractThe ancient city of Cyzicus, within the boundaries of the province ofBalikesir’s Erdek district, is situated in the isthmus of the peninsula’s near thesouthern tip of Arktonnesos (Bear Island) pertained to as the mainland inancient times, which is called Kapıdağı today.It is understood that Kapıdağı was at first an island, and then itbecame a peninsula when Cyzicus’s region combined with the mainland inAD 2 in Eastern Roman period. The earliest settlers of Cyzicus were Dolions.They migrated because of endless attacks of Eols from Thessalia. The historyof Cyzicus began in 756 B.C. by Miletos when they colonized the region.Cyzicus was destroyed by an earthquake in 10.11.117 AD. when theEmperor Hadrian went on a trip for Anatolia in AD 124. When Hadrian cameto Cyzicus, he helped to repair the Temple of Zeus (Jupiter). Cyzicus’speople were dedicated to this temple for Emperor Hadrian and began torebuild this temple. Thus, Cyzicus became one of the cities that built a templeof Emperor after Pergamon and Smyrna in Anatolia.The Amphitheatre is one of three examples in Anatolia, theAmphitheatre is elliptical and ıt’s measuring are 155 x 180 m from outside tooutside. East and west sides of the seats in the soil, north and south seats werebased on a strong foot’s vaults in the stream bed. Cavea of the theater showsHellenistic special features and ıt’s diameter is 145 m, it’s diameter oforchestra is 55 m. Ancient Cyzicus has been identified with two agoras byresearchers.Keywords: Cyzicus, Dolion, Amphitheater, Theater, Agora.