Tracking wild sockeye salmon smolts to the ocean reveals distinct regions of nocturnal movement and high mortality
Few estimates of migration rates or descriptions of behavior or survival exist for wild populations of out-migrating Pacific salmon smolts from natal freshwater rearing areas to the ocean. Using acoustic transmitters and fixed receiver arrays across four years (2010-2013), we tracked the migration o...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
2016
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30105067 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Tracking_wild_sockeye_salmon_smolts_to_the_ocean_reveals_distinct_regions_of_nocturnal_movement_and_high_mortality/20824093 |
id |
ftdeakinunifig:oai:figshare.com:article/20824093 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdeakinunifig:oai:figshare.com:article/20824093 2024-06-23T07:51:26+00:00 Tracking wild sockeye salmon smolts to the ocean reveals distinct regions of nocturnal movement and high mortality Timothy Clark NB Furey EL Rechisky MK Gale KM Jeffries AD Porter MT Casselman AG Lotto DA Patterson SJ Cooke AP Farrell DW Welch SG Hinch 2016-06-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30105067 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Tracking_wild_sockeye_salmon_smolts_to_the_ocean_reveals_distinct_regions_of_nocturnal_movement_and_high_mortality/20824093 unknown http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30105067 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Tracking_wild_sockeye_salmon_smolts_to_the_ocean_reveals_distinct_regions_of_nocturnal_movement_and_high_mortality/20824093 All Rights Reserved Animal Identification Systems Animal Migration Animals Wild Canada Circadian Rhythm Mortality Pacific Ocean Rivers Salmon Time Factors Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Ecology Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology acoustic telemetry British Columbia Chilko Lake Fraser River watershed migration Pacific salmon predation ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA SMOLTS JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON BRITISH-COLUMBIA WATERS SWIMMING PERFORMANCE ATLANTIC SALMON PREDATOR AVOIDANCE RIVER ESTUARY ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS RADIO TRANSMITTERS MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR School of Life and Environmental Sciences 050205 Environmental Management 070401 Aquaculture 3005 Fisheries sciences Text Journal contribution 2016 ftdeakinunifig 2024-06-06T01:30:02Z Few estimates of migration rates or descriptions of behavior or survival exist for wild populations of out-migrating Pacific salmon smolts from natal freshwater rearing areas to the ocean. Using acoustic transmitters and fixed receiver arrays across four years (2010-2013), we tracked the migration of > 1850 wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts from Chilko Lake, British Columbia, to the coastal Pacific Ocean (> 1000 km distance). Cumulative survival to the ocean ranged 3-10% among years, although this may be slightly underestimated due to technical limitations at the final receiver array. Distinct spatial patterns in both behavior and survival were observed through all years. In small, clear, upper-river reaches, downstream migration largely occurred at night at speeds up to 50 km/d and coincided with poor survival. Among years, only 57-78% of smolts survived the first 80 km. Parallel laboratory experiments revealed excellent short-term survival and unhindered swimming performance of dummy-tagged smolts, suggesting that predators rather than tagging effects were responsible for the initial high mortality of acoustic-tagged smolts. Migration speeds increased in the Fraser River mainstem (~220 km/d in some years), diel movement patterns ceased, and smolt survival generally exceeded 90% in this segment. Marine movement rates and survival were variable across years, with among-year segment-specific survival being the most variable and lowest (19-61%) during the final (and longest, 240 km) marine migration segment. Osmoregulatory preparedness was not expected to influence marine survival, as smolts could maintain normal levels of plasma chloride when experimentally exposed to saltwater (30 ppt) immediately upon commencing their migration from Chilko Lake. Transportation of smolts downstream generally increased survival to the farthest marine array. The act of tagging may have affected smolts in the marine environment in some years as dummy-tagged fish had poorer survival than control fish when ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon DRO - Deakin Research Online British Columbia ENVELOPE(-125.003,-125.003,54.000,54.000) Canada Fraser River ENVELOPE(-62.243,-62.243,56.619,56.619) Pacific Sockeye ENVELOPE(-130.143,-130.143,54.160,54.160) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DRO - Deakin Research Online |
op_collection_id |
ftdeakinunifig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Animal Identification Systems Animal Migration Animals Wild Canada Circadian Rhythm Mortality Pacific Ocean Rivers Salmon Time Factors Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Ecology Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology acoustic telemetry British Columbia Chilko Lake Fraser River watershed migration Pacific salmon predation ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA SMOLTS JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON BRITISH-COLUMBIA WATERS SWIMMING PERFORMANCE ATLANTIC SALMON PREDATOR AVOIDANCE RIVER ESTUARY ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS RADIO TRANSMITTERS MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR School of Life and Environmental Sciences 050205 Environmental Management 070401 Aquaculture 3005 Fisheries sciences |
spellingShingle |
Animal Identification Systems Animal Migration Animals Wild Canada Circadian Rhythm Mortality Pacific Ocean Rivers Salmon Time Factors Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Ecology Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology acoustic telemetry British Columbia Chilko Lake Fraser River watershed migration Pacific salmon predation ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA SMOLTS JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON BRITISH-COLUMBIA WATERS SWIMMING PERFORMANCE ATLANTIC SALMON PREDATOR AVOIDANCE RIVER ESTUARY ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS RADIO TRANSMITTERS MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR School of Life and Environmental Sciences 050205 Environmental Management 070401 Aquaculture 3005 Fisheries sciences Timothy Clark NB Furey EL Rechisky MK Gale KM Jeffries AD Porter MT Casselman AG Lotto DA Patterson SJ Cooke AP Farrell DW Welch SG Hinch Tracking wild sockeye salmon smolts to the ocean reveals distinct regions of nocturnal movement and high mortality |
topic_facet |
Animal Identification Systems Animal Migration Animals Wild Canada Circadian Rhythm Mortality Pacific Ocean Rivers Salmon Time Factors Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Ecology Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology acoustic telemetry British Columbia Chilko Lake Fraser River watershed migration Pacific salmon predation ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA SMOLTS JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON BRITISH-COLUMBIA WATERS SWIMMING PERFORMANCE ATLANTIC SALMON PREDATOR AVOIDANCE RIVER ESTUARY ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS RADIO TRANSMITTERS MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR School of Life and Environmental Sciences 050205 Environmental Management 070401 Aquaculture 3005 Fisheries sciences |
description |
Few estimates of migration rates or descriptions of behavior or survival exist for wild populations of out-migrating Pacific salmon smolts from natal freshwater rearing areas to the ocean. Using acoustic transmitters and fixed receiver arrays across four years (2010-2013), we tracked the migration of > 1850 wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts from Chilko Lake, British Columbia, to the coastal Pacific Ocean (> 1000 km distance). Cumulative survival to the ocean ranged 3-10% among years, although this may be slightly underestimated due to technical limitations at the final receiver array. Distinct spatial patterns in both behavior and survival were observed through all years. In small, clear, upper-river reaches, downstream migration largely occurred at night at speeds up to 50 km/d and coincided with poor survival. Among years, only 57-78% of smolts survived the first 80 km. Parallel laboratory experiments revealed excellent short-term survival and unhindered swimming performance of dummy-tagged smolts, suggesting that predators rather than tagging effects were responsible for the initial high mortality of acoustic-tagged smolts. Migration speeds increased in the Fraser River mainstem (~220 km/d in some years), diel movement patterns ceased, and smolt survival generally exceeded 90% in this segment. Marine movement rates and survival were variable across years, with among-year segment-specific survival being the most variable and lowest (19-61%) during the final (and longest, 240 km) marine migration segment. Osmoregulatory preparedness was not expected to influence marine survival, as smolts could maintain normal levels of plasma chloride when experimentally exposed to saltwater (30 ppt) immediately upon commencing their migration from Chilko Lake. Transportation of smolts downstream generally increased survival to the farthest marine array. The act of tagging may have affected smolts in the marine environment in some years as dummy-tagged fish had poorer survival than control fish when ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Timothy Clark NB Furey EL Rechisky MK Gale KM Jeffries AD Porter MT Casselman AG Lotto DA Patterson SJ Cooke AP Farrell DW Welch SG Hinch |
author_facet |
Timothy Clark NB Furey EL Rechisky MK Gale KM Jeffries AD Porter MT Casselman AG Lotto DA Patterson SJ Cooke AP Farrell DW Welch SG Hinch |
author_sort |
Timothy Clark |
title |
Tracking wild sockeye salmon smolts to the ocean reveals distinct regions of nocturnal movement and high mortality |
title_short |
Tracking wild sockeye salmon smolts to the ocean reveals distinct regions of nocturnal movement and high mortality |
title_full |
Tracking wild sockeye salmon smolts to the ocean reveals distinct regions of nocturnal movement and high mortality |
title_fullStr |
Tracking wild sockeye salmon smolts to the ocean reveals distinct regions of nocturnal movement and high mortality |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tracking wild sockeye salmon smolts to the ocean reveals distinct regions of nocturnal movement and high mortality |
title_sort |
tracking wild sockeye salmon smolts to the ocean reveals distinct regions of nocturnal movement and high mortality |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30105067 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Tracking_wild_sockeye_salmon_smolts_to_the_ocean_reveals_distinct_regions_of_nocturnal_movement_and_high_mortality/20824093 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-125.003,-125.003,54.000,54.000) ENVELOPE(-62.243,-62.243,56.619,56.619) ENVELOPE(-130.143,-130.143,54.160,54.160) |
geographic |
British Columbia Canada Fraser River Pacific Sockeye |
geographic_facet |
British Columbia Canada Fraser River Pacific Sockeye |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30105067 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Tracking_wild_sockeye_salmon_smolts_to_the_ocean_reveals_distinct_regions_of_nocturnal_movement_and_high_mortality/20824093 |
op_rights |
All Rights Reserved |
_version_ |
1802642540479905792 |