Ultra-trace level analysis of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensate by gas chromatography with multi-mode inlet, and flame ionization detection
Steam condensate water treatment is a vital and integral part of the overall cooling water treatment process. Steam condensate often contains varying levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen which acts as an oxidizer. Carbon dioxide forms corrosive carbonic acid when dissolved in condensed steam. To neut...
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ftdeakinunifig:oai:figshare.com:article/20796748 2023-05-15T15:52:41+02:00 Ultra-trace level analysis of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensate by gas chromatography with multi-mode inlet, and flame ionization detection J Luong Robert Shellie H Cortes R Gras T Hayward 2012-03-16T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30112179 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Ultra-trace_level_analysis_of_morpholine_cyclohexylamine_and_diethylaminoethanol_in_steam_condensate_by_gas_chromatography_with_multi-mode_inlet_and_flame_ionization_detection/20796748 unknown http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30112179 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Ultra-trace_level_analysis_of_morpholine_cyclohexylamine_and_diethylaminoethanol_in_steam_condensate_by_gas_chromatography_with_multi-mode_inlet_and_flame_ionization_detection/20796748 All Rights Reserved Uncategorized 2-Propanol Chromatography Gas Cyclohexylamines Ethanolamines Flame Ionization Limit of Detection Morpholines Reproducibility of Results Steam Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Physical Sciences Biochemical Research Methods Chemistry Analytical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Gas chromatography Water treatment process Morpholine Cyclohexylamine Diethylaminoethanol Amine CORROSION WATER HPLC Text Journal contribution 2012 ftdeakinunifig 2022-11-17T20:00:40Z Steam condensate water treatment is a vital and integral part of the overall cooling water treatment process. Steam condensate often contains varying levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen which acts as an oxidizer. Carbon dioxide forms corrosive carbonic acid when dissolved in condensed steam. To neutralize the harmful effect of the carbonic acid, volatile amine compounds such as morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol are often employed as part of a strategy to control corrosion in the water treatment process. Due to the high stability of these compounds in a water matrix, the indirect addition of such chemicals into the process via steam condensate often results in their presence throughout the process and even into the final product. It is therefore important to understand the impact of these chemicals and their fate within a chemical plant. The ability to analyze such compounds by gas chromatography has historically been difficult due to the lack of chromatographic system inertness at the trace level concentrations especially in an aqueous matrix. Here a highly sensitive, practical, and reliable gas chromatographic approach is described for the determination of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensate at the part-per-billion (ppb) levels. The approach does not require any sample enrichment or derivatization. The technique employs a multi-mode inlet operating in pulsed splitless mode with programmed inlet temperature for sample introduction, an inert base-deactivated capillary column for solute separation and flame ionization detection. Chromatographic performance was further enhanced by the incorporation of 2-propanol as a co-solvent. Detection limits for morpholine, cyclohexylamine, diethylaminoethanol were established to be 100 ppb (v/v), with relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 6% at the 95% confidence level (n=20) and a percent recovery of 96% or higher for the solutes of interest over a range of 0.1-100 ppm (v/v). A complete analysis can be ... Other Non-Article Part of Journal/Newspaper Carbonic acid DRO - Deakin Research Online |
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Open Polar |
collection |
DRO - Deakin Research Online |
op_collection_id |
ftdeakinunifig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Uncategorized 2-Propanol Chromatography Gas Cyclohexylamines Ethanolamines Flame Ionization Limit of Detection Morpholines Reproducibility of Results Steam Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Physical Sciences Biochemical Research Methods Chemistry Analytical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Gas chromatography Water treatment process Morpholine Cyclohexylamine Diethylaminoethanol Amine CORROSION WATER HPLC |
spellingShingle |
Uncategorized 2-Propanol Chromatography Gas Cyclohexylamines Ethanolamines Flame Ionization Limit of Detection Morpholines Reproducibility of Results Steam Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Physical Sciences Biochemical Research Methods Chemistry Analytical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Gas chromatography Water treatment process Morpholine Cyclohexylamine Diethylaminoethanol Amine CORROSION WATER HPLC J Luong Robert Shellie H Cortes R Gras T Hayward Ultra-trace level analysis of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensate by gas chromatography with multi-mode inlet, and flame ionization detection |
topic_facet |
Uncategorized 2-Propanol Chromatography Gas Cyclohexylamines Ethanolamines Flame Ionization Limit of Detection Morpholines Reproducibility of Results Steam Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Physical Sciences Biochemical Research Methods Chemistry Analytical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Gas chromatography Water treatment process Morpholine Cyclohexylamine Diethylaminoethanol Amine CORROSION WATER HPLC |
description |
Steam condensate water treatment is a vital and integral part of the overall cooling water treatment process. Steam condensate often contains varying levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen which acts as an oxidizer. Carbon dioxide forms corrosive carbonic acid when dissolved in condensed steam. To neutralize the harmful effect of the carbonic acid, volatile amine compounds such as morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol are often employed as part of a strategy to control corrosion in the water treatment process. Due to the high stability of these compounds in a water matrix, the indirect addition of such chemicals into the process via steam condensate often results in their presence throughout the process and even into the final product. It is therefore important to understand the impact of these chemicals and their fate within a chemical plant. The ability to analyze such compounds by gas chromatography has historically been difficult due to the lack of chromatographic system inertness at the trace level concentrations especially in an aqueous matrix. Here a highly sensitive, practical, and reliable gas chromatographic approach is described for the determination of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensate at the part-per-billion (ppb) levels. The approach does not require any sample enrichment or derivatization. The technique employs a multi-mode inlet operating in pulsed splitless mode with programmed inlet temperature for sample introduction, an inert base-deactivated capillary column for solute separation and flame ionization detection. Chromatographic performance was further enhanced by the incorporation of 2-propanol as a co-solvent. Detection limits for morpholine, cyclohexylamine, diethylaminoethanol were established to be 100 ppb (v/v), with relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 6% at the 95% confidence level (n=20) and a percent recovery of 96% or higher for the solutes of interest over a range of 0.1-100 ppm (v/v). A complete analysis can be ... |
format |
Other Non-Article Part of Journal/Newspaper |
author |
J Luong Robert Shellie H Cortes R Gras T Hayward |
author_facet |
J Luong Robert Shellie H Cortes R Gras T Hayward |
author_sort |
J Luong |
title |
Ultra-trace level analysis of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensate by gas chromatography with multi-mode inlet, and flame ionization detection |
title_short |
Ultra-trace level analysis of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensate by gas chromatography with multi-mode inlet, and flame ionization detection |
title_full |
Ultra-trace level analysis of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensate by gas chromatography with multi-mode inlet, and flame ionization detection |
title_fullStr |
Ultra-trace level analysis of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensate by gas chromatography with multi-mode inlet, and flame ionization detection |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ultra-trace level analysis of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensate by gas chromatography with multi-mode inlet, and flame ionization detection |
title_sort |
ultra-trace level analysis of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in steam condensate by gas chromatography with multi-mode inlet, and flame ionization detection |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30112179 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Ultra-trace_level_analysis_of_morpholine_cyclohexylamine_and_diethylaminoethanol_in_steam_condensate_by_gas_chromatography_with_multi-mode_inlet_and_flame_ionization_detection/20796748 |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30112179 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Ultra-trace_level_analysis_of_morpholine_cyclohexylamine_and_diethylaminoethanol_in_steam_condensate_by_gas_chromatography_with_multi-mode_inlet_and_flame_ionization_detection/20796748 |
op_rights |
All Rights Reserved |
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1766387799902126080 |