Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota ...

• Main Authors: Constable, Andrew J., Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica, Corney, Stuart P., Arrigo, Kevin R., Barbraud, Christophe, Barnes, David K. A., Bindoff, Nathaniel L., Boyd, Philip W., Brandt, Angelika, Costa, Daniel P., Davidson, Andrew T., Ducklow, Hugh W., Emmerson, Louise, Fukuchi, Mitsuo, Gutt, Julian, Hindell, Mark A., Hofmann, Eileen E., Hosie, Graham W., Iida, Takahiro, Jacob, Sarah, Johnston, Nadine M., Kawaguchi, So, Koubbi, Philippe, Lea, Mary-Anne, Makhado, Azwianewi, Massom, Rob A., Meiners, Klaus, Meredith, Michael P., Murphy, Eugene J., Nicol, Stephen, Richerson, Kate, Riddle, Martin J., Rintoul, Stephen R., Smith Jr., Walker O., Southwell, Colin, Stark, Jonathon S., Sumner, Michael, Swadling, Kerrie M., Takahashi, Kunio T., Trathan, Phil N., Welsford, Dirk C., Weimerskirch, Henri, Westwood, Karen J., Wienecke, Barbara C., Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter, Wright, Simon W., Xavier, Jose C., Ziegler, Philippe
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Columbia University 2014
• Subjects: Climatic changes; Animal populations > Climatic factors; Marine microbiology; Marine ecology; Oceanography; FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences; Zoology; FOS: Biological sciences; Biochemistry; Antarctic; Southern Ocean; Antarc*; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.7916/d83f4p07; https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D83F4P07

Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This article reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole-ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to ...