Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history
Exploitation of the extensive polymetallic deposits of the Andean Altiplano in South America since precolonial times has caused substantial emissions of neurotoxic lead (Pb) into the atmosphere; however, its historical significance compared to recent Pb pollution from leaded gasoline is not yet reso...
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ftdatacite:10.7892/boris.69373 2023-05-15T16:38:55+02:00 Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history Gramlich, Gabriela Schwikowski, Margit Tobler, L. Kellerhals, Thomas Eichler, A. 2015 application/pdf https://dx.doi.org/10.7892/boris.69373 http://boris.unibe.ch/69373/ en eng American Association for the Advancement of Science info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess 540 Chemistry 570 Life sciences; biology 530 Physics CreativeWork article 2015 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.69373 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Exploitation of the extensive polymetallic deposits of the Andean Altiplano in South America since precolonial times has caused substantial emissions of neurotoxic lead (Pb) into the atmosphere; however, its historical significance compared to recent Pb pollution from leaded gasoline is not yet resolved. We present a comprehensive Pb emission history for the last two millennia for South America, based on a continuous, high-resolution, ice core record from Illimani glacier. Illimani is the highest mountain of the eastern Bolivian Andes and is located at the northeastern margin of the Andean Altiplano. The ice core Pb deposition history revealed enhanced Pb enrichment factors (EFs) due to metallurgical processing for silver production during periods of the Tiwanaku/Wari culture (AD 450–950), the Inca empires (AD 1450–1532), colonial times (AD 1532–1900), and tin production at the beginning of the 20th century. After the 1960s, Pb EFs increased by a factor of 3 compared to the emission level from metal production, which we attribute to gasoline-related Pb emissions. Our results show that anthropogenic Pb pollution levels from road traffic in South America exceed those of any historical metallurgy in the last two millennia, even in regions with exceptional high local metallurgical activity. Article in Journal/Newspaper ice core DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Inca ENVELOPE(-59.194,-59.194,-62.308,-62.308) Altiplano The ENVELOPE(163.917,163.917,-78.133,-78.133) |
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DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
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language |
English |
topic |
540 Chemistry 570 Life sciences; biology 530 Physics |
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540 Chemistry 570 Life sciences; biology 530 Physics Gramlich, Gabriela Schwikowski, Margit Tobler, L. Kellerhals, Thomas Eichler, A. Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history |
topic_facet |
540 Chemistry 570 Life sciences; biology 530 Physics |
description |
Exploitation of the extensive polymetallic deposits of the Andean Altiplano in South America since precolonial times has caused substantial emissions of neurotoxic lead (Pb) into the atmosphere; however, its historical significance compared to recent Pb pollution from leaded gasoline is not yet resolved. We present a comprehensive Pb emission history for the last two millennia for South America, based on a continuous, high-resolution, ice core record from Illimani glacier. Illimani is the highest mountain of the eastern Bolivian Andes and is located at the northeastern margin of the Andean Altiplano. The ice core Pb deposition history revealed enhanced Pb enrichment factors (EFs) due to metallurgical processing for silver production during periods of the Tiwanaku/Wari culture (AD 450–950), the Inca empires (AD 1450–1532), colonial times (AD 1532–1900), and tin production at the beginning of the 20th century. After the 1960s, Pb EFs increased by a factor of 3 compared to the emission level from metal production, which we attribute to gasoline-related Pb emissions. Our results show that anthropogenic Pb pollution levels from road traffic in South America exceed those of any historical metallurgy in the last two millennia, even in regions with exceptional high local metallurgical activity. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gramlich, Gabriela Schwikowski, Margit Tobler, L. Kellerhals, Thomas Eichler, A. |
author_facet |
Gramlich, Gabriela Schwikowski, Margit Tobler, L. Kellerhals, Thomas Eichler, A. |
author_sort |
Gramlich, Gabriela |
title |
Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history |
title_short |
Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history |
title_full |
Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history |
title_fullStr |
Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history |
title_sort |
pb pollution from leaded gasoline in south america in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history |
publisher |
American Association for the Advancement of Science |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.7892/boris.69373 http://boris.unibe.ch/69373/ |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.194,-59.194,-62.308,-62.308) ENVELOPE(163.917,163.917,-78.133,-78.133) |
geographic |
Inca Altiplano The |
geographic_facet |
Inca Altiplano The |
genre |
ice core |
genre_facet |
ice core |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.69373 |
_version_ |
1766029280194592768 |