Hydrochemical and operational parameters driving carbonate scale kinetics at geothermal facilities in the Bavarian Molasse Basin
Abstract The majority of scales observed at geothermal facilities exploring the Malm Aquifer in the Bavarian Molasse Basin are carbonates. They form due to a disruption of the lime–carbonic acid equilibrium during production caused by a reduction of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pres...
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ftdatacite:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5181391.v1 2023-05-15T15:52:54+02:00 Hydrochemical and operational parameters driving carbonate scale kinetics at geothermal facilities in the Bavarian Molasse Basin Köhl, Bernhard Elsner, Martin Baumann, Thomas 2020 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5181391.v1 https://springernature.figshare.com/collections/Hydrochemical_and_operational_parameters_driving_carbonate_scale_kinetics_at_geothermal_facilities_in_the_Bavarian_Molasse_Basin/5181391/1 unknown figshare https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40517-020-00180-x https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5181391 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 CC-BY Biophysics Biochemistry Pharmacology Biotechnology 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Earth and related environmental sciences 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Chemical sciences 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Biological sciences Inorganic Chemistry Collection article 2020 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5181391.v1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40517-020-00180-x https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5181391 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Abstract The majority of scales observed at geothermal facilities exploring the Malm Aquifer in the Bavarian Molasse Basin are carbonates. They form due to a disruption of the lime–carbonic acid equilibrium during production caused by a reduction of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pressure change and degassing. These scales are found at the pumps, production pipes, filters, heat exchangers, and occasionally in the injection pipes. In this study, scales of all sections of geothermal facilities were taken. The database consists of scale samples from 13 geothermal pumps, 6,000 m production pipe (sample interval 10 - 12 m), 11 heat exchanger revisions, 2 injection pipes, and numerous filter elements. The samples were analyzed by SEM-EDX, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and acid digestion to assess their chemical and mineralogical composition. From direct gauge measurements at six facilities during pump changes, scale rates were determined along the production pipes. From indirect measurements (multifinger caliper measurements) scale rates are derived for the region below the pump. Hydrochemical analyses from the wellhead were taken from 13 sites to feed the hydrogeochemical models. The calcite scale rates in the production pipes increase from the pump to the wellhead, where they reach 1.5 - 4.1 $$\mu$$ μ mol/( $$\hbox {m}^2\,\cdot$$ m 2 · s). Scale rates below the pump reach up to 1.5 $$\mu$$ μ mol/( $$\hbox {m}^2\,\cdot$$ m 2 · s). Given the slight change of hydrochemistry on the rise through the production pipe, where Article in Journal/Newspaper Carbonic acid DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Malm ENVELOPE(12.222,12.222,65.323,65.323) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Biophysics Biochemistry Pharmacology Biotechnology 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Earth and related environmental sciences 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Chemical sciences 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Biological sciences Inorganic Chemistry |
spellingShingle |
Biophysics Biochemistry Pharmacology Biotechnology 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Earth and related environmental sciences 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Chemical sciences 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Biological sciences Inorganic Chemistry Köhl, Bernhard Elsner, Martin Baumann, Thomas Hydrochemical and operational parameters driving carbonate scale kinetics at geothermal facilities in the Bavarian Molasse Basin |
topic_facet |
Biophysics Biochemistry Pharmacology Biotechnology 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Earth and related environmental sciences 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Chemical sciences 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified FOS Biological sciences Inorganic Chemistry |
description |
Abstract The majority of scales observed at geothermal facilities exploring the Malm Aquifer in the Bavarian Molasse Basin are carbonates. They form due to a disruption of the lime–carbonic acid equilibrium during production caused by a reduction of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pressure change and degassing. These scales are found at the pumps, production pipes, filters, heat exchangers, and occasionally in the injection pipes. In this study, scales of all sections of geothermal facilities were taken. The database consists of scale samples from 13 geothermal pumps, 6,000 m production pipe (sample interval 10 - 12 m), 11 heat exchanger revisions, 2 injection pipes, and numerous filter elements. The samples were analyzed by SEM-EDX, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and acid digestion to assess their chemical and mineralogical composition. From direct gauge measurements at six facilities during pump changes, scale rates were determined along the production pipes. From indirect measurements (multifinger caliper measurements) scale rates are derived for the region below the pump. Hydrochemical analyses from the wellhead were taken from 13 sites to feed the hydrogeochemical models. The calcite scale rates in the production pipes increase from the pump to the wellhead, where they reach 1.5 - 4.1 $$\mu$$ μ mol/( $$\hbox {m}^2\,\cdot$$ m 2 · s). Scale rates below the pump reach up to 1.5 $$\mu$$ μ mol/( $$\hbox {m}^2\,\cdot$$ m 2 · s). Given the slight change of hydrochemistry on the rise through the production pipe, where |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Köhl, Bernhard Elsner, Martin Baumann, Thomas |
author_facet |
Köhl, Bernhard Elsner, Martin Baumann, Thomas |
author_sort |
Köhl, Bernhard |
title |
Hydrochemical and operational parameters driving carbonate scale kinetics at geothermal facilities in the Bavarian Molasse Basin |
title_short |
Hydrochemical and operational parameters driving carbonate scale kinetics at geothermal facilities in the Bavarian Molasse Basin |
title_full |
Hydrochemical and operational parameters driving carbonate scale kinetics at geothermal facilities in the Bavarian Molasse Basin |
title_fullStr |
Hydrochemical and operational parameters driving carbonate scale kinetics at geothermal facilities in the Bavarian Molasse Basin |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hydrochemical and operational parameters driving carbonate scale kinetics at geothermal facilities in the Bavarian Molasse Basin |
title_sort |
hydrochemical and operational parameters driving carbonate scale kinetics at geothermal facilities in the bavarian molasse basin |
publisher |
figshare |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5181391.v1 https://springernature.figshare.com/collections/Hydrochemical_and_operational_parameters_driving_carbonate_scale_kinetics_at_geothermal_facilities_in_the_Bavarian_Molasse_Basin/5181391/1 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.222,12.222,65.323,65.323) |
geographic |
Malm |
geographic_facet |
Malm |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40517-020-00180-x https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5181391 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5181391.v1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40517-020-00180-x https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5181391 |
_version_ |
1766387996531097600 |