Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses
Abstract Background The impact of the microbiota on host fitness has so far mainly been demonstrated for the bacterial microbiome. We know much less about host-associated protist and viral communities, largely due to technical issues. However, all microorganisms within a microbiome potentially inter...
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ftdatacite:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4957043 2023-05-15T17:54:18+02:00 Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses S. Dupont A. Lokmer E. Corre J.-C. Auguet B. Petton E. Toulza C. Montagnani G. Tanguy D. Pecqueur C. Salmeron L. Guillou C. Desnues B. La Scola J. Bou Khalil J. De Lorgeril G. Mitta Y. Gueguen J.-M. Escoubas 2020 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4957043 https://springernature.figshare.com/collections/Oyster_hemolymph_is_a_complex_and_dynamic_ecosystem_hosting_bacteria_protists_and_viruses/4957043 unknown figshare https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00032-w CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Microbiology FOS Biological sciences Collection article 2020 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4957043 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00032-w 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Abstract Background The impact of the microbiota on host fitness has so far mainly been demonstrated for the bacterial microbiome. We know much less about host-associated protist and viral communities, largely due to technical issues. However, all microorganisms within a microbiome potentially interact with each other as well as with the host and the environment, therefore likely affecting the host health. Results We set out to explore how environmental and host factors shape the composition and diversity of bacterial, protist and viral microbial communities in the Pacific oyster hemolymph, both in health and disease. To do so, five oyster families differing in susceptibility to the Pacific oyster mortality syndrome were reared in hatchery and transplanted into a natural environment either before or during a disease outbreak. Using metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomics, we demonstrate that hemolymph can be considered as an ecological niche hosting bacterial, protist and viral communities, each of them shaped by different factors and distinct from the corresponding communities in the surrounding seawater. Overall, we found that hemolymph microbiota is more strongly shaped by the environment than by host genetic background. Co-occurrence network analyses suggest a disruption of the microbial network after transplantation into natural environment during both non-infectious and infectious periods. Whereas we could not identify a common microbial community signature for healthy animals, OsHV-1 μVar virus dominated the hemolymph virome during the disease outbreak, without significant modifications of other microbiota components. Conclusion Our study shows that oyster hemolymph is a complex ecosystem containing diverse bacteria, protists and viruses, whose composition and dynamics are primarily determined by the environment. However, all of these are also shaped by oyster genetic backgrounds, indicating they indeed interact with the oyster host and are therefore not only of transient character. Although it seems that the three microbiome components respond independently to environmental conditions, better characterization of hemolymph-associated viruses could change this picture. Article in Journal/Newspaper Pacific oyster DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Microbiology FOS Biological sciences |
spellingShingle |
Microbiology FOS Biological sciences S. Dupont A. Lokmer E. Corre J.-C. Auguet B. Petton E. Toulza C. Montagnani G. Tanguy D. Pecqueur C. Salmeron L. Guillou C. Desnues B. La Scola J. Bou Khalil J. De Lorgeril G. Mitta Y. Gueguen J.-M. Escoubas Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
topic_facet |
Microbiology FOS Biological sciences |
description |
Abstract Background The impact of the microbiota on host fitness has so far mainly been demonstrated for the bacterial microbiome. We know much less about host-associated protist and viral communities, largely due to technical issues. However, all microorganisms within a microbiome potentially interact with each other as well as with the host and the environment, therefore likely affecting the host health. Results We set out to explore how environmental and host factors shape the composition and diversity of bacterial, protist and viral microbial communities in the Pacific oyster hemolymph, both in health and disease. To do so, five oyster families differing in susceptibility to the Pacific oyster mortality syndrome were reared in hatchery and transplanted into a natural environment either before or during a disease outbreak. Using metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomics, we demonstrate that hemolymph can be considered as an ecological niche hosting bacterial, protist and viral communities, each of them shaped by different factors and distinct from the corresponding communities in the surrounding seawater. Overall, we found that hemolymph microbiota is more strongly shaped by the environment than by host genetic background. Co-occurrence network analyses suggest a disruption of the microbial network after transplantation into natural environment during both non-infectious and infectious periods. Whereas we could not identify a common microbial community signature for healthy animals, OsHV-1 μVar virus dominated the hemolymph virome during the disease outbreak, without significant modifications of other microbiota components. Conclusion Our study shows that oyster hemolymph is a complex ecosystem containing diverse bacteria, protists and viruses, whose composition and dynamics are primarily determined by the environment. However, all of these are also shaped by oyster genetic backgrounds, indicating they indeed interact with the oyster host and are therefore not only of transient character. Although it seems that the three microbiome components respond independently to environmental conditions, better characterization of hemolymph-associated viruses could change this picture. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
S. Dupont A. Lokmer E. Corre J.-C. Auguet B. Petton E. Toulza C. Montagnani G. Tanguy D. Pecqueur C. Salmeron L. Guillou C. Desnues B. La Scola J. Bou Khalil J. De Lorgeril G. Mitta Y. Gueguen J.-M. Escoubas |
author_facet |
S. Dupont A. Lokmer E. Corre J.-C. Auguet B. Petton E. Toulza C. Montagnani G. Tanguy D. Pecqueur C. Salmeron L. Guillou C. Desnues B. La Scola J. Bou Khalil J. De Lorgeril G. Mitta Y. Gueguen J.-M. Escoubas |
author_sort |
S. Dupont |
title |
Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
title_short |
Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
title_full |
Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
title_fullStr |
Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
title_sort |
oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses |
publisher |
figshare |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4957043 https://springernature.figshare.com/collections/Oyster_hemolymph_is_a_complex_and_dynamic_ecosystem_hosting_bacteria_protists_and_viruses/4957043 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Pacific oyster |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00032-w |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4957043 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-020-00032-w |
_version_ |
1766162045360668672 |