Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales
Abstract Background The gene for odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is a member of the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein gene family. ODAM is primarily expressed in dental tissues including the enamel organ and the junctional epithelium, and may also have pleiotropic functions that are...
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ftdatacite:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4376708 2023-05-15T15:37:16+02:00 Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales Springer, Mark Emerling, Christopher Gatesy, John Randall, Jason Collin, Matthew Hecker, Nikolai Hiller, Michael Delsuc, Frédéric 2019 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4376708 https://springernature.figshare.com/collections/Odontogenic_ameloblast-associated_ODAM_is_inactivated_in_toothless_enamelless_placental_mammals_and_toothed_whales/4376708 unknown Figshare https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1359-6 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Genetics FOS Biological sciences Molecular Biology Neuroscience Physiology Evolutionary Biology Developmental Biology Collection article 2019 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4376708 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1359-6 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Abstract Background The gene for odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is a member of the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein gene family. ODAM is primarily expressed in dental tissues including the enamel organ and the junctional epithelium, and may also have pleiotropic functions that are unrelated to teeth. Here, we leverage the power of natural selection to test competing hypotheses that ODAM is tooth-specific versus pleiotropic. Specifically, we compiled and screened complete protein-coding sequences, plus sequences for flanking intronic regions, for ODAM in 165 placental mammals to determine if this gene contains inactivating mutations in lineages that either lack teeth (baleen whales, pangolins, anteaters) or lack enamel on their teeth (aardvarks, sloths, armadillos), as would be expected if the only essential functions of ODAM are related to tooth development and the adhesion of the gingival junctional epithelium to the enamel tooth surface. Results We discovered inactivating mutations in all species of placental mammals that either lack teeth or lack enamel on their teeth. A surprising result is that ODAM is also inactivated in a few additional lineages including all toothed whales that were examined. We hypothesize that ODAM inactivation is related to the simplified outer enamel surface of toothed whales. An alternate hypothesis is that ODAM inactivation in toothed whales may be related to altered antimicrobial functions of the junctional epithelium in aquatic habitats. Selection analyses on ODAM sequences revealed that the composite dN/dS value for pseudogenic branches is close to 1.0 as expected for a neutrally evolving pseudogene. DN/dS values on transitional branches were used to estimate ODAM inactivation times. In the case of pangolins, ODAM was inactivated ~ 65 million years ago, which is older than the oldest pangolin fossil (Eomanis, 47 Ma) and suggests an even more ancient loss or simplification of teeth in this lineage. Conclusion Our results validate the hypothesis that the only essential functions of ODAM that are maintained by natural selection are related to tooth development and/or the maintenance of a healthy junctional epithelium that attaches to the enamel surface of teeth. Article in Journal/Newspaper baleen whales toothed whales DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
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DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
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Genetics FOS Biological sciences Molecular Biology Neuroscience Physiology Evolutionary Biology Developmental Biology |
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Genetics FOS Biological sciences Molecular Biology Neuroscience Physiology Evolutionary Biology Developmental Biology Springer, Mark Emerling, Christopher Gatesy, John Randall, Jason Collin, Matthew Hecker, Nikolai Hiller, Michael Delsuc, Frédéric Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales |
topic_facet |
Genetics FOS Biological sciences Molecular Biology Neuroscience Physiology Evolutionary Biology Developmental Biology |
description |
Abstract Background The gene for odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is a member of the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein gene family. ODAM is primarily expressed in dental tissues including the enamel organ and the junctional epithelium, and may also have pleiotropic functions that are unrelated to teeth. Here, we leverage the power of natural selection to test competing hypotheses that ODAM is tooth-specific versus pleiotropic. Specifically, we compiled and screened complete protein-coding sequences, plus sequences for flanking intronic regions, for ODAM in 165 placental mammals to determine if this gene contains inactivating mutations in lineages that either lack teeth (baleen whales, pangolins, anteaters) or lack enamel on their teeth (aardvarks, sloths, armadillos), as would be expected if the only essential functions of ODAM are related to tooth development and the adhesion of the gingival junctional epithelium to the enamel tooth surface. Results We discovered inactivating mutations in all species of placental mammals that either lack teeth or lack enamel on their teeth. A surprising result is that ODAM is also inactivated in a few additional lineages including all toothed whales that were examined. We hypothesize that ODAM inactivation is related to the simplified outer enamel surface of toothed whales. An alternate hypothesis is that ODAM inactivation in toothed whales may be related to altered antimicrobial functions of the junctional epithelium in aquatic habitats. Selection analyses on ODAM sequences revealed that the composite dN/dS value for pseudogenic branches is close to 1.0 as expected for a neutrally evolving pseudogene. DN/dS values on transitional branches were used to estimate ODAM inactivation times. In the case of pangolins, ODAM was inactivated ~ 65 million years ago, which is older than the oldest pangolin fossil (Eomanis, 47 Ma) and suggests an even more ancient loss or simplification of teeth in this lineage. Conclusion Our results validate the hypothesis that the only essential functions of ODAM that are maintained by natural selection are related to tooth development and/or the maintenance of a healthy junctional epithelium that attaches to the enamel surface of teeth. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Springer, Mark Emerling, Christopher Gatesy, John Randall, Jason Collin, Matthew Hecker, Nikolai Hiller, Michael Delsuc, Frédéric |
author_facet |
Springer, Mark Emerling, Christopher Gatesy, John Randall, Jason Collin, Matthew Hecker, Nikolai Hiller, Michael Delsuc, Frédéric |
author_sort |
Springer, Mark |
title |
Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales |
title_short |
Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales |
title_full |
Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales |
title_fullStr |
Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales |
title_full_unstemmed |
Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales |
title_sort |
odontogenic ameloblast-associated (odam) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales |
publisher |
Figshare |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4376708 https://springernature.figshare.com/collections/Odontogenic_ameloblast-associated_ODAM_is_inactivated_in_toothless_enamelless_placental_mammals_and_toothed_whales/4376708 |
genre |
baleen whales toothed whales |
genre_facet |
baleen whales toothed whales |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1359-6 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4376708 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1359-6 |
_version_ |
1766367736220352512 |