Supplementary material from "Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking"
Antarctic krill form some of the highest concentrations of animal biomass observed in the world's ocean potentially due to their prolific ability to swarm. Determining the movement of Antarctic krill within swarms is important to identify drivers of their behaviour and their biogeochemical impa...
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ftdatacite:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3942517 2023-05-15T13:33:02+02:00 Supplementary material from "Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking" Tarling, Geraint A. Thorpe, Sally E. 2017 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3942517 https://figshare.com/collections/Supplementary_material_from_Oceanic_swarms_of_Antarctic_krill_perform_satiation_sinking_/3942517 unknown Figshare https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2015 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Environmental Science Ecology FOS Biological sciences 60801 Animal Behaviour Collection article 2017 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3942517 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2015 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Antarctic krill form some of the highest concentrations of animal biomass observed in the world's ocean potentially due to their prolific ability to swarm. Determining the movement of Antarctic krill within swarms is important to identify drivers of their behaviour and their biogeochemical impact on their environment. We examined vertical velocity within approximately 2000 krill swarms through the combined use of a shipborne echosounder and an acoustic Doppler current profiler. We revealed a pronounced downward anomaly in vertical velocity within swarms of −0.6 cm s −1 compared with vertical motion outside the swarm. The anomaly changed over the diel cycle, with smaller downward anomalies occurring at night. Swarms in regions of high phytoplankton concentrations (a proxy for food availability) also exhibited significantly smaller downward anomalies. We propose that the anomaly is the result of downward velocities generated by the action of krill beating their swimming appendages. During the night and in high phytoplankton availability, when krill are more likely to feed to the point of satiation, swimming activity is lowered and the anomaly is reduced. Our findings are consistent with laboratory work where krill ceased swimming and adopted a parachute posture when sated. Satiation sinking behaviour can substantially increase the efficiency of carbon transport to depth through depositing faecal pellets at the bottom of swarms, avoiding the reingestion and breakup of pellets by other swarm members. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Antarctic |
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Open Polar |
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DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
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language |
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topic |
Environmental Science Ecology FOS Biological sciences 60801 Animal Behaviour |
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Environmental Science Ecology FOS Biological sciences 60801 Animal Behaviour Tarling, Geraint A. Thorpe, Sally E. Supplementary material from "Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking" |
topic_facet |
Environmental Science Ecology FOS Biological sciences 60801 Animal Behaviour |
description |
Antarctic krill form some of the highest concentrations of animal biomass observed in the world's ocean potentially due to their prolific ability to swarm. Determining the movement of Antarctic krill within swarms is important to identify drivers of their behaviour and their biogeochemical impact on their environment. We examined vertical velocity within approximately 2000 krill swarms through the combined use of a shipborne echosounder and an acoustic Doppler current profiler. We revealed a pronounced downward anomaly in vertical velocity within swarms of −0.6 cm s −1 compared with vertical motion outside the swarm. The anomaly changed over the diel cycle, with smaller downward anomalies occurring at night. Swarms in regions of high phytoplankton concentrations (a proxy for food availability) also exhibited significantly smaller downward anomalies. We propose that the anomaly is the result of downward velocities generated by the action of krill beating their swimming appendages. During the night and in high phytoplankton availability, when krill are more likely to feed to the point of satiation, swimming activity is lowered and the anomaly is reduced. Our findings are consistent with laboratory work where krill ceased swimming and adopted a parachute posture when sated. Satiation sinking behaviour can substantially increase the efficiency of carbon transport to depth through depositing faecal pellets at the bottom of swarms, avoiding the reingestion and breakup of pellets by other swarm members. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tarling, Geraint A. Thorpe, Sally E. |
author_facet |
Tarling, Geraint A. Thorpe, Sally E. |
author_sort |
Tarling, Geraint A. |
title |
Supplementary material from "Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking" |
title_short |
Supplementary material from "Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking" |
title_full |
Supplementary material from "Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking" |
title_fullStr |
Supplementary material from "Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking" |
title_full_unstemmed |
Supplementary material from "Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking" |
title_sort |
supplementary material from "oceanic swarms of antarctic krill perform satiation sinking" |
publisher |
Figshare |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3942517 https://figshare.com/collections/Supplementary_material_from_Oceanic_swarms_of_Antarctic_krill_perform_satiation_sinking_/3942517 |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2015 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3942517 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2015 |
_version_ |
1766037958363709440 |