Supplementary material from "Influenza A virus: sampling of the unique shorebird habitat at Delaware Bay, USA"

Delaware (DE) Bay, in the northeastern USA, has long been recognized as a hotspot for avian influenza A virus (IAV); every spring, this coastal region serves as a brief stopover site for thousands of long-distance migrating shorebirds, en route to breeding grounds in the Arctic. During these stopove...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Poulson, Rebecca L., Page M. Luttrell, Slusher, Morgan J., Wilcox, Benjamin R., Niles, Lawrence J., Dey, Amanda D., Berghaus, Roy D., Krauss, Scott, Webster, Robert G., Stallknecht, David E.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:unknown
Published: Figshare 2017
Subjects:
Microbiology
FOS Biological sciences
Ecology
Health Care
Diseases
111706 Epidemiology
FOS Health sciences
Arctic
Arenaria interpres
Online Access:https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3919684
https://figshare.com/collections/Supplementary_material_from_Influenza_A_virus_sampling_of_the_unique_shorebird_habitat_at_Delaware_Bay_USA_/3919684
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Summary:Delaware (DE) Bay, in the northeastern USA, has long been recognized as a hotspot for avian influenza A virus (IAV); every spring, this coastal region serves as a brief stopover site for thousands of long-distance migrating shorebirds, en route to breeding grounds in the Arctic. During these stopovers, IAV have been consistently recovered from Ruddy Turnstones ( Arenaria interpres ) that are likely to become infected as they feed by probing sand and cobble in search of food. In May 2010–2012, we successfully isolated 19 IAV from environmental samples (sand, n = 18; horseshoe crab eggs, n = 1) obtained from DE Bay sites. Two of these viruses were subjected to laboratory conditions similar to those in the DE Bay spring-time environment, and remained infectious for 7 days. Here, through the recovery of IAV from environmental samples, temperature monitoring at and below the sand surface and simulated laboratory trials, we provide evidence that the beach environment may enable localized transmission and short-term maintenance of IAV in this unique ecosystem.

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