Supplementary material from "The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)"
The extinct dromornithids, gastornithids and phorusrhacids are among the most spectacular birds to have ever lived, with some giants exceeding 500 kg. The affinities and evolution of these and other related extinct birds remain contentious, with previous phylogenetic analyses being affected by wides...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
Figshare
2017
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3897364.v1 https://figshare.com/collections/Supplementary_material_from_The_evolution_of_giant_flightless_birds_and_novel_phylogenetic_relationships_for_extinct_fowl_Aves_Galloanseres_/3897364/1 |
id |
ftdatacite:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3897364.v1 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdatacite:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3897364.v1 2023-05-15T13:50:34+02:00 Supplementary material from "The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)" Worthy, Trevor H. Degrange, Federico J. Handley, Warren D. Lee, Michael S.Y. 2017 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3897364.v1 https://figshare.com/collections/Supplementary_material_from_The_evolution_of_giant_flightless_birds_and_novel_phylogenetic_relationships_for_extinct_fowl_Aves_Galloanseres_/3897364/1 unknown Figshare https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170975 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3897364 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC-BY Evolutionary Biology FOS Biological sciences 40308 Palaeontology incl. Palynology FOS Earth and related environmental sciences 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy Collection article 2017 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3897364.v1 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170975 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3897364 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z The extinct dromornithids, gastornithids and phorusrhacids are among the most spectacular birds to have ever lived, with some giants exceeding 500 kg. The affinities and evolution of these and other related extinct birds remain contentious, with previous phylogenetic analyses being affected by widespread convergence and limited taxon sampling. We address these problems using both parsimony and tip-dated Bayesian approaches on an expansive taxon set that includes all key extinct flightless and flighted (e.g. Vegavis and lithornithids) forms, and an extensive array of extant fowl (Galloanseres), representative Neoaves and palaeognaths. The Paleogene volant Lithornithidae are recovered as stem palaeognaths in the Bayesian analyses. The Galloanseres comprise four clades inferred to have diverged in the Late Cretaceous on Gondwana. In addition to Anseriformes and Galliformes, we recognize a robust new clade (Gastornithiformes) for the giant flightless Dromornithidae (Australia) and Gastornithidae (Eurasia, North America). This clade exhibits parallels to ratite palaeognaths in that flight was lost and giant size attained multiple times. A fourth clade is represented by the Cretaceous Vegavis (Antarctica), which was robustly excluded from Anseriformes; thus, a crucial molecular calibration point needs to be reconsidered. The presbyornithids Wilaru (Australia) and Presbyornis (Northern Hemisphere) are robustly found to be the sister group to Anatoidea (Anseranatidae + Anatidae), a relatively more basal position than hitherto recognized. South America's largest bird, Brontornis , is not a galloansere, but a member of Neoaves related to Cariamiformes; therefore, giant Galloanseres remain unknown from this continent. Trait analyses showed that while gigantism and flightlessness evolved repeatedly in groups, diet is constrained by phylogeny: all giant Galloanseres and palaeognaths are herbivores or mainly herbivorous, and giant neoavians are zoophagous or omnivores. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Evolutionary Biology FOS Biological sciences 40308 Palaeontology incl. Palynology FOS Earth and related environmental sciences 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy |
spellingShingle |
Evolutionary Biology FOS Biological sciences 40308 Palaeontology incl. Palynology FOS Earth and related environmental sciences 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy Worthy, Trevor H. Degrange, Federico J. Handley, Warren D. Lee, Michael S.Y. Supplementary material from "The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)" |
topic_facet |
Evolutionary Biology FOS Biological sciences 40308 Palaeontology incl. Palynology FOS Earth and related environmental sciences 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy |
description |
The extinct dromornithids, gastornithids and phorusrhacids are among the most spectacular birds to have ever lived, with some giants exceeding 500 kg. The affinities and evolution of these and other related extinct birds remain contentious, with previous phylogenetic analyses being affected by widespread convergence and limited taxon sampling. We address these problems using both parsimony and tip-dated Bayesian approaches on an expansive taxon set that includes all key extinct flightless and flighted (e.g. Vegavis and lithornithids) forms, and an extensive array of extant fowl (Galloanseres), representative Neoaves and palaeognaths. The Paleogene volant Lithornithidae are recovered as stem palaeognaths in the Bayesian analyses. The Galloanseres comprise four clades inferred to have diverged in the Late Cretaceous on Gondwana. In addition to Anseriformes and Galliformes, we recognize a robust new clade (Gastornithiformes) for the giant flightless Dromornithidae (Australia) and Gastornithidae (Eurasia, North America). This clade exhibits parallels to ratite palaeognaths in that flight was lost and giant size attained multiple times. A fourth clade is represented by the Cretaceous Vegavis (Antarctica), which was robustly excluded from Anseriformes; thus, a crucial molecular calibration point needs to be reconsidered. The presbyornithids Wilaru (Australia) and Presbyornis (Northern Hemisphere) are robustly found to be the sister group to Anatoidea (Anseranatidae + Anatidae), a relatively more basal position than hitherto recognized. South America's largest bird, Brontornis , is not a galloansere, but a member of Neoaves related to Cariamiformes; therefore, giant Galloanseres remain unknown from this continent. Trait analyses showed that while gigantism and flightlessness evolved repeatedly in groups, diet is constrained by phylogeny: all giant Galloanseres and palaeognaths are herbivores or mainly herbivorous, and giant neoavians are zoophagous or omnivores. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Worthy, Trevor H. Degrange, Federico J. Handley, Warren D. Lee, Michael S.Y. |
author_facet |
Worthy, Trevor H. Degrange, Federico J. Handley, Warren D. Lee, Michael S.Y. |
author_sort |
Worthy, Trevor H. |
title |
Supplementary material from "The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)" |
title_short |
Supplementary material from "The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)" |
title_full |
Supplementary material from "The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)" |
title_fullStr |
Supplementary material from "The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)" |
title_full_unstemmed |
Supplementary material from "The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)" |
title_sort |
supplementary material from "the evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (aves, galloanseres)" |
publisher |
Figshare |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3897364.v1 https://figshare.com/collections/Supplementary_material_from_The_evolution_of_giant_flightless_birds_and_novel_phylogenetic_relationships_for_extinct_fowl_Aves_Galloanseres_/3897364/1 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170975 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3897364 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3897364.v1 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170975 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3897364 |
_version_ |
1766253721391464448 |