Supplementary figures from Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag.
Negatively buoyant freely swimming crustaceans such as krill must generate downward momentum in order to maintain their position in the water column. These animals use a drag-based propulsion strategy, where pairs of closely spaced swimming limbs are oscillated rhythmically from the tail to head. Ea...
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ftdatacite:10.6084/m9.figshare.9923714.v2 2023-05-15T14:05:06+02:00 Supplementary figures from Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag. Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind 2019 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9923714.v2 https://rs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Supplementary_figures_from_Hydrodynamics_of_metachronal_paddling_effects_of_varying_Reynolds_number_and_phase_lag/9923714/2 unknown The Royal Society https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9923714 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 CC-BY Biological Engineering 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics FOS Other engineering and technologies Text article-journal Journal contribution ScholarlyArticle 2019 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9923714.v2 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9923714 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Negatively buoyant freely swimming crustaceans such as krill must generate downward momentum in order to maintain their position in the water column. These animals use a drag-based propulsion strategy, where pairs of closely spaced swimming limbs are oscillated rhythmically from the tail to head. Each pair is oscillated with a phase delay relative to the neighbouring pair, resulting in a metachronal wave travelling in the direction of animal motion. It remains unclear how oscillations of limbs in the horizontal plane can generate vertical momentum. Using particle image velocimetry measurements on a robotic model, we observed that metachronal paddling with non-zero phase lag created geometries of adjacent paddles that promote the formation of counter-rotating vortices. The interaction of these vortices resulted in generating large-scale angled downward jets. Increasing phase lag resulted in more vertical orientation of the jet, and phase lags in the range used by Antarctic krill produced the most total momentum. Synchronous paddling produced lower total momentum when compared with metachronal paddling. Lowering Reynolds number by an order of magnitude below the range of adult krill (250–1000) showed diminished downward propagation of the jet and lower vertical momentum. Our findings show that metachronal paddling is capable of producing flows that can generate both lift (vertical) and thrust (horizontal) forces needed for fast forward swimming and hovering. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Antarctic |
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DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
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topic |
Biological Engineering 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics FOS Other engineering and technologies |
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Biological Engineering 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics FOS Other engineering and technologies Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind Supplementary figures from Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag. |
topic_facet |
Biological Engineering 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics FOS Other engineering and technologies |
description |
Negatively buoyant freely swimming crustaceans such as krill must generate downward momentum in order to maintain their position in the water column. These animals use a drag-based propulsion strategy, where pairs of closely spaced swimming limbs are oscillated rhythmically from the tail to head. Each pair is oscillated with a phase delay relative to the neighbouring pair, resulting in a metachronal wave travelling in the direction of animal motion. It remains unclear how oscillations of limbs in the horizontal plane can generate vertical momentum. Using particle image velocimetry measurements on a robotic model, we observed that metachronal paddling with non-zero phase lag created geometries of adjacent paddles that promote the formation of counter-rotating vortices. The interaction of these vortices resulted in generating large-scale angled downward jets. Increasing phase lag resulted in more vertical orientation of the jet, and phase lags in the range used by Antarctic krill produced the most total momentum. Synchronous paddling produced lower total momentum when compared with metachronal paddling. Lowering Reynolds number by an order of magnitude below the range of adult krill (250–1000) showed diminished downward propagation of the jet and lower vertical momentum. Our findings show that metachronal paddling is capable of producing flows that can generate both lift (vertical) and thrust (horizontal) forces needed for fast forward swimming and hovering. |
format |
Text |
author |
Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind |
author_facet |
Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind |
author_sort |
Ford, Mitchell P. |
title |
Supplementary figures from Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag. |
title_short |
Supplementary figures from Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag. |
title_full |
Supplementary figures from Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag. |
title_fullStr |
Supplementary figures from Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Supplementary figures from Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag. |
title_sort |
supplementary figures from hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying reynolds number and phase lag. |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9923714.v2 https://rs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Supplementary_figures_from_Hydrodynamics_of_metachronal_paddling_effects_of_varying_Reynolds_number_and_phase_lag/9923714/2 |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9923714 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9923714.v2 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9923714 |
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