Identifying individual wild Eastern grey wolves ( Canis lupus lycaon ) using fundamental frequency and amplitude of howls
The use of amplitudes to identify individuals has historically been ignored by bioacoustic researchers due to problems of attenuation. However, recent studies have shown that amplitudes encode identity in a variety of mammal species. Previously, individuality has been demonstrated in both fundamenta...
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ftdatacite:10.6084/m9.figshare.825628 2023-05-15T15:49:54+02:00 Identifying individual wild Eastern grey wolves ( Canis lupus lycaon ) using fundamental frequency and amplitude of howls Root-Gutteridge, Holly Bencsik, Martin Chebli, Manfred Gentle, Louise K. Terrell-Nield, Christopher Bourit, Alexandra Yarnell, Richard W. 2014 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.825628 https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/media/Identifying_individual_wild_Eastern_grey_wolves_i_Canis_lupus_lycaon_i_using_fundamental_frequency_and_amplitude_of_howls/825628 unknown Taylor & Francis https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2013.817317 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 CC-BY Genetics FOS Biological sciences Neuroscience Ecology Science Policy Sociology FOS Sociology article MediaObject Media Audiovisual 2014 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.825628 https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2013.817317 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z The use of amplitudes to identify individuals has historically been ignored by bioacoustic researchers due to problems of attenuation. However, recent studies have shown that amplitudes encode identity in a variety of mammal species. Previously, individuality has been demonstrated in both fundamental frequency ( F 0 ) and amplitude changes of captive Eastern wolf ( Canis lupus lycaon ) howls with 100% accuracy where attenuation of amplitude due to distance was controlled in a captive environment. In this study, we aim to determine whether both fundamental frequency and amplitude data collected from vocalizations of wild wolves recorded over unknown distances, in variable conditions and with different recording equipment, can still encode identity. We used a bespoke code, developed in Matlab, to extract simple scalar variables from 67 high-quality solo howls from 10 wild individuals and 112 chorus howls from another 109 individuals, including lower quality howls with wind or water noise. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out on the fundamental frequency and normalized amplitude of harmonic 1, yielding histogram-derived PCA values on which discriminant function analysis was applied. An accuracy of 100% was achieved when assigning solo howls to individuals, and for the chorus howls a best accuracy of 97.4% was achieved. We suggest that individual recognition using our new extraction and analysis methods involving fundamental frequency and amplitudes together can identify wild wolves with high accuracy, and that this method should be applied to surveys of individuals in capture–mark–recapture and presence–absence studies of canid species. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
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topic |
Genetics FOS Biological sciences Neuroscience Ecology Science Policy Sociology FOS Sociology |
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Genetics FOS Biological sciences Neuroscience Ecology Science Policy Sociology FOS Sociology Root-Gutteridge, Holly Bencsik, Martin Chebli, Manfred Gentle, Louise K. Terrell-Nield, Christopher Bourit, Alexandra Yarnell, Richard W. Identifying individual wild Eastern grey wolves ( Canis lupus lycaon ) using fundamental frequency and amplitude of howls |
topic_facet |
Genetics FOS Biological sciences Neuroscience Ecology Science Policy Sociology FOS Sociology |
description |
The use of amplitudes to identify individuals has historically been ignored by bioacoustic researchers due to problems of attenuation. However, recent studies have shown that amplitudes encode identity in a variety of mammal species. Previously, individuality has been demonstrated in both fundamental frequency ( F 0 ) and amplitude changes of captive Eastern wolf ( Canis lupus lycaon ) howls with 100% accuracy where attenuation of amplitude due to distance was controlled in a captive environment. In this study, we aim to determine whether both fundamental frequency and amplitude data collected from vocalizations of wild wolves recorded over unknown distances, in variable conditions and with different recording equipment, can still encode identity. We used a bespoke code, developed in Matlab, to extract simple scalar variables from 67 high-quality solo howls from 10 wild individuals and 112 chorus howls from another 109 individuals, including lower quality howls with wind or water noise. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out on the fundamental frequency and normalized amplitude of harmonic 1, yielding histogram-derived PCA values on which discriminant function analysis was applied. An accuracy of 100% was achieved when assigning solo howls to individuals, and for the chorus howls a best accuracy of 97.4% was achieved. We suggest that individual recognition using our new extraction and analysis methods involving fundamental frequency and amplitudes together can identify wild wolves with high accuracy, and that this method should be applied to surveys of individuals in capture–mark–recapture and presence–absence studies of canid species. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Root-Gutteridge, Holly Bencsik, Martin Chebli, Manfred Gentle, Louise K. Terrell-Nield, Christopher Bourit, Alexandra Yarnell, Richard W. |
author_facet |
Root-Gutteridge, Holly Bencsik, Martin Chebli, Manfred Gentle, Louise K. Terrell-Nield, Christopher Bourit, Alexandra Yarnell, Richard W. |
author_sort |
Root-Gutteridge, Holly |
title |
Identifying individual wild Eastern grey wolves ( Canis lupus lycaon ) using fundamental frequency and amplitude of howls |
title_short |
Identifying individual wild Eastern grey wolves ( Canis lupus lycaon ) using fundamental frequency and amplitude of howls |
title_full |
Identifying individual wild Eastern grey wolves ( Canis lupus lycaon ) using fundamental frequency and amplitude of howls |
title_fullStr |
Identifying individual wild Eastern grey wolves ( Canis lupus lycaon ) using fundamental frequency and amplitude of howls |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identifying individual wild Eastern grey wolves ( Canis lupus lycaon ) using fundamental frequency and amplitude of howls |
title_sort |
identifying individual wild eastern grey wolves ( canis lupus lycaon ) using fundamental frequency and amplitude of howls |
publisher |
Taylor & Francis |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.825628 https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/media/Identifying_individual_wild_Eastern_grey_wolves_i_Canis_lupus_lycaon_i_using_fundamental_frequency_and_amplitude_of_howls/825628 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2013.817317 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.825628 https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2013.817317 |
_version_ |
1766384909868335104 |