SI_aDNA_Greenland_Norse_walrus_ivory_trade from Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland
The importance of the Atlantic walrus ivory trade for the colonization, peak and collapse of the medieval Norse colonies on Greenland has been extensively debated. Nevertheless, no studies have directly traced medieval European ivory back to distinct Arctic populations of walrus. Analysing the entir...
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ftdatacite:10.6084/m9.figshare.6850157.v1 2023-05-15T14:57:19+02:00 SI_aDNA_Greenland_Norse_walrus_ivory_trade from Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland Star, Bastiaan Barrett, James H. Gondek, Agata T. Boessenkool, Sanne 2018 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6850157.v1 https://rs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/SI_aDNA_Greenland_Norse_walrus_ivory_trade_from_Ancient_DNA_reveals_the_chronology_of_walrus_ivory_trade_from_Norse_Greenland/6850157/1 unknown The Royal Society https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0978 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6850157 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 CC-BY Evolutionary Biology FOS Biological sciences 60408 Genomics Text article-journal Journal contribution ScholarlyArticle 2018 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6850157.v1 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0978 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6850157 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z The importance of the Atlantic walrus ivory trade for the colonization, peak and collapse of the medieval Norse colonies on Greenland has been extensively debated. Nevertheless, no studies have directly traced medieval European ivory back to distinct Arctic populations of walrus. Analysing the entire mitogenomes of 37 archaeological specimens from Europe, Svalbard and Greenland, we here discover that Atlantic walrus comprises two monophyletic mitochondrial (MT) clades, which diverged between 23 400 and 251 120 years ago. Our improved genomic resolution allows us to reinterpret the geographical distribution of partial MT data from 306 modern and nineteenth-century specimens, finding that one of these clades was exclusively accessible to Greenlanders. With this discovery, we ascertain the biological origin of 23 archaeological specimens from Europe (most dated between 900 and 1400 CE). These results reveal a significant shift in trade from an early, predominantly eastern source towards a near exclusive representation of Greenland ivory. Our study provides empirical evidence for how this remote Arctic resource was progressively integrated into a medieval pan-European trade network, contributing to both the resilience and vulnerability of Norse Greenland society. Text Arctic Greenland greenlander* Svalbard walrus* DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Arctic Greenland Svalbard |
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collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
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language |
unknown |
topic |
Evolutionary Biology FOS Biological sciences 60408 Genomics |
spellingShingle |
Evolutionary Biology FOS Biological sciences 60408 Genomics Star, Bastiaan Barrett, James H. Gondek, Agata T. Boessenkool, Sanne SI_aDNA_Greenland_Norse_walrus_ivory_trade from Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland |
topic_facet |
Evolutionary Biology FOS Biological sciences 60408 Genomics |
description |
The importance of the Atlantic walrus ivory trade for the colonization, peak and collapse of the medieval Norse colonies on Greenland has been extensively debated. Nevertheless, no studies have directly traced medieval European ivory back to distinct Arctic populations of walrus. Analysing the entire mitogenomes of 37 archaeological specimens from Europe, Svalbard and Greenland, we here discover that Atlantic walrus comprises two monophyletic mitochondrial (MT) clades, which diverged between 23 400 and 251 120 years ago. Our improved genomic resolution allows us to reinterpret the geographical distribution of partial MT data from 306 modern and nineteenth-century specimens, finding that one of these clades was exclusively accessible to Greenlanders. With this discovery, we ascertain the biological origin of 23 archaeological specimens from Europe (most dated between 900 and 1400 CE). These results reveal a significant shift in trade from an early, predominantly eastern source towards a near exclusive representation of Greenland ivory. Our study provides empirical evidence for how this remote Arctic resource was progressively integrated into a medieval pan-European trade network, contributing to both the resilience and vulnerability of Norse Greenland society. |
format |
Text |
author |
Star, Bastiaan Barrett, James H. Gondek, Agata T. Boessenkool, Sanne |
author_facet |
Star, Bastiaan Barrett, James H. Gondek, Agata T. Boessenkool, Sanne |
author_sort |
Star, Bastiaan |
title |
SI_aDNA_Greenland_Norse_walrus_ivory_trade from Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland |
title_short |
SI_aDNA_Greenland_Norse_walrus_ivory_trade from Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland |
title_full |
SI_aDNA_Greenland_Norse_walrus_ivory_trade from Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland |
title_fullStr |
SI_aDNA_Greenland_Norse_walrus_ivory_trade from Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland |
title_full_unstemmed |
SI_aDNA_Greenland_Norse_walrus_ivory_trade from Ancient DNA reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from Norse Greenland |
title_sort |
si_adna_greenland_norse_walrus_ivory_trade from ancient dna reveals the chronology of walrus ivory trade from norse greenland |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6850157.v1 https://rs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/SI_aDNA_Greenland_Norse_walrus_ivory_trade_from_Ancient_DNA_reveals_the_chronology_of_walrus_ivory_trade_from_Norse_Greenland/6850157/1 |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Greenland greenlander* Svalbard walrus* |
genre_facet |
Arctic Greenland greenlander* Svalbard walrus* |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0978 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6850157 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6850157.v1 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0978 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6850157 |
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