Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking Supplementary Information
Antarctic krill form some of the highest concentrations of animal biomass observed in the world's ocean potentially due to their prolific ability to swarm. Determining the movement of Antarctic krill within swarms is important to identify drivers of their behaviour and their biogeochemical impa...
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ftdatacite:10.6084/m9.figshare.5649409.v1 2023-05-15T13:37:15+02:00 Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking Supplementary Information Tarling, Geraint A. Thorpe, Sally E. 2017 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5649409.v1 https://rs.figshare.com/articles/Oceanic_swarms_of_Antarctic_krill_perform_satiation_sinking_Supplementary_Information/5649409/1 unknown The Royal Society https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2015 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5649409 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 CC-BY Environmental Science Ecology FOS Biological sciences 60801 Animal Behaviour Text article-journal Journal contribution ScholarlyArticle 2017 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5649409.v1 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2015 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5649409 2021-11-05T12:55:41Z Antarctic krill form some of the highest concentrations of animal biomass observed in the world's ocean potentially due to their prolific ability to swarm. Determining the movement of Antarctic krill within swarms is important to identify drivers of their behaviour and their biogeochemical impact on their environment. We examined vertical velocity within approximately 2000 krill swarms through the combined use of a shipborne echosounder and an acoustic Doppler current profiler. We revealed a pronounced downward anomaly in vertical velocity within swarms of −0.6 cm s −1 compared with vertical motion outside the swarm. The anomaly changed over the diel cycle, with smaller downward anomalies occurring at night. Swarms in regions of high phytoplankton concentrations (a proxy for food availability) also exhibited significantly smaller downward anomalies. We propose that the anomaly is the result of downward velocities generated by the action of krill beating their swimming appendages. During the night and in high phytoplankton availability, when krill are more likely to feed to the point of satiation, swimming activity is lowered and the anomaly is reduced. Our findings are consistent with laboratory work where krill ceased swimming and adopted a parachute posture when sated. Satiation sinking behaviour can substantially increase the efficiency of carbon transport to depth through depositing faecal pellets at the bottom of swarms, avoiding the reingestion and breakup of pellets by other swarm members. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Antarctic |
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Environmental Science Ecology FOS Biological sciences 60801 Animal Behaviour |
spellingShingle |
Environmental Science Ecology FOS Biological sciences 60801 Animal Behaviour Tarling, Geraint A. Thorpe, Sally E. Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking Supplementary Information |
topic_facet |
Environmental Science Ecology FOS Biological sciences 60801 Animal Behaviour |
description |
Antarctic krill form some of the highest concentrations of animal biomass observed in the world's ocean potentially due to their prolific ability to swarm. Determining the movement of Antarctic krill within swarms is important to identify drivers of their behaviour and their biogeochemical impact on their environment. We examined vertical velocity within approximately 2000 krill swarms through the combined use of a shipborne echosounder and an acoustic Doppler current profiler. We revealed a pronounced downward anomaly in vertical velocity within swarms of −0.6 cm s −1 compared with vertical motion outside the swarm. The anomaly changed over the diel cycle, with smaller downward anomalies occurring at night. Swarms in regions of high phytoplankton concentrations (a proxy for food availability) also exhibited significantly smaller downward anomalies. We propose that the anomaly is the result of downward velocities generated by the action of krill beating their swimming appendages. During the night and in high phytoplankton availability, when krill are more likely to feed to the point of satiation, swimming activity is lowered and the anomaly is reduced. Our findings are consistent with laboratory work where krill ceased swimming and adopted a parachute posture when sated. Satiation sinking behaviour can substantially increase the efficiency of carbon transport to depth through depositing faecal pellets at the bottom of swarms, avoiding the reingestion and breakup of pellets by other swarm members. |
format |
Text |
author |
Tarling, Geraint A. Thorpe, Sally E. |
author_facet |
Tarling, Geraint A. Thorpe, Sally E. |
author_sort |
Tarling, Geraint A. |
title |
Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking Supplementary Information |
title_short |
Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking Supplementary Information |
title_full |
Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking Supplementary Information |
title_fullStr |
Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking Supplementary Information |
title_full_unstemmed |
Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking Supplementary Information |
title_sort |
oceanic swarms of antarctic krill perform satiation sinking supplementary information |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5649409.v1 https://rs.figshare.com/articles/Oceanic_swarms_of_Antarctic_krill_perform_satiation_sinking_Supplementary_Information/5649409/1 |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2015 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5649409 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5649409.v1 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2015 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5649409 |
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1766089739138498560 |