Timing during ontogeny of the testes, antler pedicles, and limbs in SBTD and postulated actions of an endocrine disruptor to transform testicular cells, alter the antler pedicle primordia, and disrupt transabdominal descent of the testes

• Main Authors: D.N. Rao Veeramachaneni, Amann, Rupert P., Jacobson, James P.
• Format: Still Image
• Language: unknown
• Published: figshare 2011
• Subjects: Cell Biology; Kodiak; Alaska
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.55348; https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Timing_during_ontogeny_of_the_testes,_antler_pedicles,_and_limbs_in_SBTD_and_postulated_actions_of_an_endocrine_disruptor_to_transform_testicular_cells,_alter_the_antler_pedicle_primordia,_and_disrupt_transabdominal_descent_of_the_testes/55348

Copyright information: Taken from "Testis and Antler Dysgenesis in Sitka Black-Tailed Deer on Kodiak Island, Alaska: Sequela of Environmental Endocrine Disruption?"Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):51-59.Published online 21 Oct 2005PMCID:PMC1874179.This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI Testicular testo: testosterone concentration in total testicular tissue. At “S,” the future scrotum is visible externally as scrotal swellings. Timing of development in SBTD based on data for mule deer () and red deer (; ) scaled to gestation length; duration of gestation assumed as 203 days in SBTD and mule deer and 233 days in red deer. In model animals, transabdominal descent of the testes is blocked by estrogens, whereas passage through the inguinal canal is blocked by antiandrogens (). Insulin-like peptide-3 (Insl3) is involved in transabdominal testicular descent; hence, altered expression of and or a gene could cause cryptorchidism. Products of the fibroblast growth factor gene family (i.e., FGFs) promote early outgrowth of limb buds, with axis patterning controlled by the () gene. genes as well as have been detected in the growth region of regenerating antlers of red deer postnatally (). The primary agent causing abnormalities such as those seen in SBTD, if caused by an endocrine disruptor, might be a phytoestrogen, estrogenic mycotoxin, alkyl phenol, organochlorine, or polychlorinated biphenyl (see text). An antiandrogen might be a co-agent.