Figures for the paper "Dynamic Thermomechanical Modeling of Rock-Ice Avalanches: Understanding Flow Transitions, Water Dynamics, and Uncertainties" ...

• Main Author: Munch, Jessica
• Format: Still Image
• Language: unknown
• Published: figshare 2024
• Subjects: Natural hazards; Ice; permafrost
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26355469; https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Figures_for_the_paper_Dynamic_Thermomechanical_Modeling_of_Rock-Ice_Avalanches_Understanding_Flow_Transitions_Water_Dynamics_and_Uncertainties_/26355469

In the context of global climate warming, the rapid melting of glaciers and thawing of permafrost lead to rock and ice mass collapses, forming rock-ice avalanches. These can evolve into water-saturated debris flows, increasingly endangering societies and infrastructures in hazard-prone regions. The 2021 Chamoli rock-ice avalanche, which transformed into a debris flow and causing over 200 fatalities, exemplifies the severe consequences of such natural disasters. To address this issue, we developed a depth-averaged model to predict the complex dynamics characteristics of rock-ice events. The model considers various components like rock, ice, snow, and water, along with crucial processes such as frictional heating, phase changes, material entrainment, and air-blast hazards; and captures heat changes between phases and resultant phase transitions. Using this model, we investigated the primary water source within avalanche flows and its effects on dynamics, focusing on the 2021 Chamoli avalanche. Our findings ...