Supplementary Material for: High Encephalization in a Fossil Rorqual Illuminates Baleen Whale Brain Evolution
Baleen whales are considered underencephalized mammals due to their reduced brain size with respect to their body size (encephalization quotient [EQ] << 1). Despite their low EQ, mysticetes exhibit complex behavioral patterns in terms of motor abilities, vocal repertoire, and cultural learning...
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Karger Publishers
2021
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ftdatacite:10.6084/m9.figshare.16969927.v1 2023-05-15T15:36:58+02:00 Supplementary Material for: High Encephalization in a Fossil Rorqual Illuminates Baleen Whale Brain Evolution M., Bisconti R., Daniello P., Damarco G., Tartarelli M., Pavia G., Carnevale 2021 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16969927.v1 https://karger.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_Material_for_High_Encephalization_in_a_Fossil_Rorqual_Illuminates_Baleen_Whale_Brain_Evolution/16969927/1 unknown Karger Publishers https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519852 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16969927 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 CC-BY Medicine dataset Dataset 2021 ftdatacite https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16969927.v1 https://doi.org/10.1159/000519852 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16969927 2022-02-08T13:06:12Z Baleen whales are considered underencephalized mammals due to their reduced brain size with respect to their body size (encephalization quotient [EQ] << 1). Despite their low EQ, mysticetes exhibit complex behavioral patterns in terms of motor abilities, vocal repertoire, and cultural learning. Very scarce information is available about the morphological evolution of the brain in this group; this makes it difficult to investigate the historical changes in brain shape and size in order to relate the origin of the complex mysticete behavioral repertoire to the evolution of specific neural substrates. Here, the first description of the virtual endocast of a fossil balaenopterid species, Marzanoptera tersillae from the Italian Pliocene, reveals an EQ of around 3, which is exceptional for baleen whales. The endocast showed a morphologically different organization of the brain in this fossil whale as the cerebral hemispheres are anteroposteriorly shortened, the cerebellum lacks the posteromedial expansion of the cerebellar hemispheres, and the cerebellar vermis is unusually reduced. The comparative reductions of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres suggest that the motor behavior of M. tersillae probably was less sophisticated than that exhibited by the extant rorqual and humpback species. The presence of an EQ value in this fossil species that is around 10 times higher than that of extant mysticetes opens new questions about brain evolution and provides new, invaluable information about the evolutionary path of morphological and size change in the brain of baleen whales. Dataset baleen whale baleen whales DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) Rorqual ENVELOPE(-62.311,-62.311,-65.648,-65.648) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftdatacite |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Medicine |
spellingShingle |
Medicine M., Bisconti R., Daniello P., Damarco G., Tartarelli M., Pavia G., Carnevale Supplementary Material for: High Encephalization in a Fossil Rorqual Illuminates Baleen Whale Brain Evolution |
topic_facet |
Medicine |
description |
Baleen whales are considered underencephalized mammals due to their reduced brain size with respect to their body size (encephalization quotient [EQ] << 1). Despite their low EQ, mysticetes exhibit complex behavioral patterns in terms of motor abilities, vocal repertoire, and cultural learning. Very scarce information is available about the morphological evolution of the brain in this group; this makes it difficult to investigate the historical changes in brain shape and size in order to relate the origin of the complex mysticete behavioral repertoire to the evolution of specific neural substrates. Here, the first description of the virtual endocast of a fossil balaenopterid species, Marzanoptera tersillae from the Italian Pliocene, reveals an EQ of around 3, which is exceptional for baleen whales. The endocast showed a morphologically different organization of the brain in this fossil whale as the cerebral hemispheres are anteroposteriorly shortened, the cerebellum lacks the posteromedial expansion of the cerebellar hemispheres, and the cerebellar vermis is unusually reduced. The comparative reductions of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres suggest that the motor behavior of M. tersillae probably was less sophisticated than that exhibited by the extant rorqual and humpback species. The presence of an EQ value in this fossil species that is around 10 times higher than that of extant mysticetes opens new questions about brain evolution and provides new, invaluable information about the evolutionary path of morphological and size change in the brain of baleen whales. |
format |
Dataset |
author |
M., Bisconti R., Daniello P., Damarco G., Tartarelli M., Pavia G., Carnevale |
author_facet |
M., Bisconti R., Daniello P., Damarco G., Tartarelli M., Pavia G., Carnevale |
author_sort |
M., Bisconti |
title |
Supplementary Material for: High Encephalization in a Fossil Rorqual Illuminates Baleen Whale Brain Evolution |
title_short |
Supplementary Material for: High Encephalization in a Fossil Rorqual Illuminates Baleen Whale Brain Evolution |
title_full |
Supplementary Material for: High Encephalization in a Fossil Rorqual Illuminates Baleen Whale Brain Evolution |
title_fullStr |
Supplementary Material for: High Encephalization in a Fossil Rorqual Illuminates Baleen Whale Brain Evolution |
title_full_unstemmed |
Supplementary Material for: High Encephalization in a Fossil Rorqual Illuminates Baleen Whale Brain Evolution |
title_sort |
supplementary material for: high encephalization in a fossil rorqual illuminates baleen whale brain evolution |
publisher |
Karger Publishers |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16969927.v1 https://karger.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_Material_for_High_Encephalization_in_a_Fossil_Rorqual_Illuminates_Baleen_Whale_Brain_Evolution/16969927/1 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.311,-62.311,-65.648,-65.648) |
geographic |
Rorqual |
geographic_facet |
Rorqual |
genre |
baleen whale baleen whales |
genre_facet |
baleen whale baleen whales |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519852 https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16969927 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by-4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16969927.v1 https://doi.org/10.1159/000519852 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16969927 |
_version_ |
1766367404276842496 |