Cadmium exposure in adults across Europe: Results from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies survey 2014-2020 ...

• Main Authors: Tratnik, Janja Snoj, Kocman, David, Kolossa-Gehring, Marike, Horvat, Milena, Weber, Till
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: My University 2022
• Subjects: Cadmium; Human-Biomonitoring; Iceland
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.60810/openumwelt-357; https://openumwelt.de/handle/123456789/2576

The objectives of the study were to estimate the current exposure to cadmium (Cd) in Europe, potential differences between the countries and geographic regions, determinants of exposure and to derive European exposure levels. The basis for this work was provided by the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) which established a framework for alignment of national or regional HBM studies. For the purpose of Cd exposure assessment, studies from 9 European countries (Iceland, Denmark, Poland, Czech Republic, Croatia, Portugal, Germany, France, Luxembourg) were included and urine of 20-39 years old adults sampled in the years 2014-2021 (n = 2510). The measurements in urine were quality assured by the HBM4EU quality assurance/quality control scheme, study participants' questionnaire data were post-harmonized. Spatially resolved external data, namely Cd concentrations in soil, agricultural areas, phosphate fertilizer application, traffic density and point source Cd release were collected for the ...