The Roosevelt Community Development Study, Number 14, Volume 3: Paleobiological and Osteological Analyses

• Main Author: Harmon, Alaina
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: Center for Desert Archaeology 1995
• Subjects: Salt River; Tonto National Forest; Arizona State / Territory; Lower Tonto Basin; Roosevelt Lake; Tonto Basin; Classic Period; Sedentary Period; Colonial Period; Early Ceramic; Gila Butte Phase; Prehistoric; Santa Cruz Phase; Sacaton Phase; Roosevelt Phase; Miami Phase; Ash Creek Phase; Early Classic Period; Ancestral Puebloan; Hohokam; Salado; AZ V590 ASM; AZ V591 ASM; AZ V592 ASM; AZ V593 ASM; AZ V594 ASM; AZ V595 ASM; AZ V596 ASM; Meddler Point; AZ V597 ASM; AZ V598 ASM; AZ V599 ASM; AZ V5100 ASM; AZ V5101 ASM; AZ V5103 ASM; AZ V5104 ASM; AZ V5105 ASM; AZ V5106 ASM; AZ V5107 ASM; AZ V5110 ASM; AZ V5122 ASM; AZ V5123 ASM; AZ V5176 ASM; AZ V5177 ASM; AZ V5178 ASM; AZ V5189 ASM; Eagle Ridge; AZ V51 ASM; Hedge Apple; AZ V5131 ASM; AZ V54 ASM; Procupine; Griffin Wash; Pyramid Point; Funerary and Burial Structures or Features; Cemetery; Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features; Cremation; Agricultural or Herding; Masonry Room; Inhumation; Hamlet; Room Block; Room; Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex; Pueblo; Settlements; Adult Cremation; Infant Cremation; Hamlet / Village; Subadult Cremation; Domestic Structures; Masonry Pueblo; Masonry Compound; Room Block / Compound / Pueblo; Compound; Farmstead; Platform Mound; Castor canadensis; Ondatra zibethicus; Domestic Dog; Gray Wolf; Canis sp.; Canis latrans; Canis lupus; Lutra canadensis; Felis rufus; Osteichthyes; Minnow; Bonytail Chub; Colorado Squawfish; Cyprinidae; Gila elegans; Gila Coarse-Scaled Sucker; Desert-Mountain Sucker; Catostomidae; Catostomus insignis; Catostomus sp.; Catostomus clarki; Colorado River Toad; Amphibia; Bufo alvarius; Desert Tortoise; Kinosternon sonoriense; Gopherus agassizi; Juniper; Lizard; Collared Lizard; Horned Lizard; Colubrid; Gopher Snake; Crotaphytus collaris; Colubridae; Crotalus sp.; Grebe; Bighorn Sheep; Eagle; Accipitrid; Accipitridae; Buteo jamicensis; Gallinaceous Bird; Galliformes; Callipepla sp.; Callipepla squamata; Callipepla gambelii; Dove; Mourning Dove; Columbiformes; Columbidae; Macaw; Ara sp.; Great Horned Owl; Cuculiformes; Cuculidae; Bubo virginianus; Mimidae; Cucurbita pepo; Common Bean; Cheno-Am; Astragalus sp.; Erodium sp.; Fish; Amphibian; Deer; Bufo cognatus; Great Plains Toad; Agave; Geococcyx californianus; Gambel's Quail; Lagomorph; Lepus californicus; Black-tailed Jackrabbit; Dipodomys sp.; Kangaroo Rat; Artiodactyl; Neotoma albigula; Carnivore; Cotton; Dog; Coyote; Canis familiaris; Gray Fox; Bobcat; Odocoileus virginianus; Grass; Euphorbia sp.; Black-on-Whiteware; Buffware; Low Spine Compositae; High Spine Compositae; Liguliflorae; Artemisia sp.; Lagomorpha; Boerhaavia sp.; Kallstroemia sp.; Onagraceae; Eriogonum sp.; Gilia sp.; Carnivora; Liliaceae; Artiodactyla; Caryophyllaceae; Cylindropuntia; Cereus sp.; Larrea sp.; Hoffmanseggia sp.; Bird; Aves; Cercidium sp.; Acacia sp.; Canotia sp.; Anacardiaceae; Ephedra sp.; Abies sp.; Hawk; Agave sp.; Juniperus sp.; Celtis sp.; Frazinus sp.; Alnus sp.; Amaranthus sp.; Cucurbita sp.; Amaranth; Gossypium sp.; Century Plant; Bursage; Dandelion; Chenopod; Arizona Poppy; Evening Primrose; Ceramic; Chipped Stone; Chenopodium sp.; Filaree; Fauna; Heron Bill; Cruciferae; Indian Wheat; Mustard; Lily; Human Remains; Macrobotanical; Gramineae; Pollen; Cholla; Shell; Maize; Hedgehog Cactus; Wood; Leguminosae; Creosotebush; Hog Potato; Malvaceae; Mesquite; Bone; Globe Mallow; Acacia; Jojoba; Crucifixion Thorn; Cashew; Mormon Tea; Fir; Bos taurus; Oak; Hackberry; Alder; Cattail; Grain; Jack Bean; Canavalia ensiformis; Gossypium hirsutum; Canavalia sp.; Casa Grande Red-on-Buffware; Little Barley; Groundcherry; Hordeum pusillum; Locoweed; Goosefoot; Arrowweed; Baccharis sp.; Descurainia sp.; Indian Buckwheat; Mallow; Clammy Weed; Knotweed; Chia; False Purslane; Carrot; Inkweed; Bentgrass; Grama Grass; Bromegrass; Lovegrass; Maygrass; Dropseed Grass; Chamaesyce sp.; Apiaceae; Cyperaceae; Atriplex sp.; Agrostis sp.; Muhlenbergia sp.; Bouleloua sp.; Corn; Cibola Black-on-Whiteware; Bromus sp.; Eragrostis sp.; Elymus sp.; Carnegiea gigantea; Gila Butte Red-on-Buffware; Cereus gigantea; Echinocactus sp.; Opuntia sp.; Fishhook Cactus; Legume; Catclaw Acacia; Banana Yucca; Common Reed; Cottonwood; Mammalaria sp.; Fabaceae; Acacua greggii; Celtis reticulata; Juglans major; Desert Willow; Neotoma sp.; Desert Broom; Creosote; Greythorn; Manzanita; Odocoileus sp.; Douglas Fir; Land Snail; Chilopsis linearis; Canotia holacantha; Larrea tridentata; Larrea divaricata; Condalia sp.; Abies concolor; Arctostaphylos sp.; Fraximus velutina; Fraximus pennsylvanica; Garrya wrightii; Gastrocopta pellucida; Hawaiia miniscula; Aquatic Snail; Ostracode; Algal Spore; Helisoma tenue; Ostracoda; Ash; Chara sp.; Cottonttail; Desert Cottontail; Cow; Ground Squirrel; Harris Antelope Squirrel; Botta's Pocket Gopher; Beaver; Cotton Rat; Muskrat; Ammospermophilus sp.; Ammospermophilus harrisii; Seed Yuccca baccata; Shell Walnut; Pod; Seed Banana Yucca; Branch Mesquite; Vertebra Human; Branch Prosopis velutina; Shell Juglans major; Branch; Root; Pellet; Projectile Point; Root Mesquite; Gaming Piece; Root Prosopis velutina; Bone Ring; Hairpin; Antler Flaker; Rat Pellet; Bone Hairpin; Insect Part; Bone Rasp; Bone Gaming Piece; Awl; Worked Long Bone; Tube; Rasp; Fiber; Ceramic Censer; Stone Censer; Needle; Turtle Shell Artifact; Stone Jewelry; Rib Human; Radius Human; Bone Whistle; Ceramic Pitcher; Skull Human; Molar Root Human; Tooth Root Human; Humerus Human; Anterior Tooth Root Human; Innominate Human; Tarsal Human; Third Molar Root Human; Scapula Human; Tooth Human; Carpal Human; Lower Incisor Human; Anterior Tooth Human; Deciduous Molar Human; Third Molar Human; Auditory Meatus Human; Ceramic Bowl; Thoracic Vertebra Human; Mastoid Human; Upper Vertebra Human; Posterior Tooth Crown Human; Tooth Crown Human; Temporal Human; Lunate Human; Upper Second Incisor Human; Lower Third Molar Human; Epiphysis Human; Deciduous Tooth Human; Clavicle Human; Cervical Vertebra Human; Metatarsal Human; Axis Human; Occipital Human; Ulna Human; Talus Human; Lumbar Human; Feces; Sacral Body Human; McDonald Corrugated Ware; Bone Needle; Termite Feces; Worked antler; Figurine; Bone Tube; Flotation Sample; RCD; Charcoal; Stone Bowl; Censer; Roosevelt Community Development Study; Bone Animal; Palette; Whistle; Bowl; Seed; Jewelry; Pitcher; Worked Bone; Jar; Phalange Human; Ceramic Jar; Shell Jewelry; Tibia Human; Bone Human; Corrugated Ware; Seed Squash; Seed Cucurbita pepo; Rind Squash; Rind Cucurbita sp.; Cupule Zea mays; Kernel Maize; Rind; Cupule Maize; Stalk Zea mays; Stalk; Kernel Zea mays; Stalk Maize; Molar Human; Shank Maize; Femur Human; Shank Zea mays; Kernel; Incisor Human; Shank; Heart Agave; Leaf Agave; Ring; Premolar Human; Epidermis Agave; Canine Human; Fiber Agave; Spine Agave; Leaf; Stalk Agave; Bean; Thorn Agave; Mandible Human; Stem Grass; Stem; Cupule; Thorn; Long Bone Human; Spine; Bud Opuntia sp.; Epidermis Agave sp.; Stem Poaceae; Bud Cholla; Leaf Agave sp.; Stalk Agave sp.; Fiber Agave sp.; Heart Agave sp.; Seed Cholla; Seed Opuntia sp.; Thorn Agave sp.; Spine Agave sp.; Bone Awl; Pod Prosopis velutina; Pod Mesquite; Seed Mesquite; Vessel; Seed Prosopis velutina; Data Recovery / Excavation; Indian; Pyramid; Larrea; Ash Creek; gray wolf
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.6067/xcv8r21382; https://core.tdar.org/document/405613/the-roosevelt-community-development-study-number-14-volume-3-paleobiological-and-osteological-analyses

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) involved the testing and excavation of 27 sites in the Lower Tonto Basin of central Arizona. This is one of three related data recovery projects undertaken in the Tonto Basin for the Bureau of Reclamation prior to the raising of the Roosevelt Lake dam. The results of the RCD project are presented in four Anthropological Papers of the Center for Desert Archaeology: Anthropological Papers No. 12 is the research design; Anthropological Papers No. 13 (two volumes) contains background information and the site descriptions; Anthropological Papers No. 14 (three volumes) includes the artifact and environmental analyses; and Anthropological Papers No. 15 presents the synthesis and conclusions. The project was situated within the Tonto National Forest and covered a four-mile, continuous area along the north bank of the Salt River. Sites within the project area exhibited a great range of functional, temporal, and, possibly, cultural diversity. These included two sites with platform mounds (the Meddler Point and Pyramid Point sites); a 10Q-room masonry pueblo (the Griffin Wash site); smaller masonry compounds (e.g., the Porcupine site); and pithouse hamlets and farmsteads (e.g., the Hedge Apple and Eagle Ridge sites). Temporal components ranged from the Early Ceramic period (A.D. 100-600), at Locus B of the Eagle Ridge site, through the Roosevelt phase (A.D. 1250-1350) of the Classic period. The Early Ceramic component of the Eagle Ridge site is now the earliest documented ceramic period site in the Tonto Basin and provides definitive evidence for an indigenous ceramic-using population. The project area was inhabited most intensively during the Roosevelt phase, when platform mounds, pueblo room blocks, and small masonry compounds were occupied. Architectural and artifact variability suggest the presence of several different cultural groups co-residing in the Tonto Basin at this time, and migration is believed to have been a significant process in Tonto Basin prehistory. The RCD project area was largely abandoned by A.D. 1325, prior to the large-scale aggregation that occurred during the Gila phase; very few Gila Polychrome sherds were recovered from project area sites. The mandate of the RCD project, as spedfied by the Bureau of Reclamation, was to investigate the temporal and developmental sequence of the prehistoric populations within this area. To meet these goals, six sites were intensively examined through full-scale excavation, and an extensive data set was gathered from the remaining 21 sites. The three volumes in Anthropological Papers No. 14 contain the artifact and environmental analyses. More than 150,000 artifacts were recovered from the RCD excavations. This volume (Volume 3) presents the paleobotanical and osteological data. Included are analyses of the pollen (Chapter 18), flotation (Chapter 19), faunal (Chapter 20), and mortuary (Chapter 21) assemblages. Data from the subsistence analyses are combined and synthesized in Chapter 22. Volume 1 of Anthropological Papers No. 14 presents the analyses of the chipped stone, ground stone, jewelry and personal ornament, and shell assemblages. The ceramic artifact assemblage is examined in Volume 2 More spedfic information on the individual sites and the project background can be found in Anthropological Papers No. 13. Anthropological Papers No. 15 integrates and synthesizes these data to provide a more inclusive view of the prehistoric occupation of the RCD project area and the Tonto Basin.