Évaluation de l'impact du programme d'immunisation avec le vaccin pneumococcique conjugué et le vaccin influenza inactivé chez les enfants du Nunavik

• Main Authors: Wals, Philippe De, Lefèbvre, Brigitte, Ayukawa, Hannah, Jean-François Proulx, Six, Martine, Bruno, Ruth
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: Canadian Cryospheric Information Network 2016
• Subjects: Children; Hearing disorders; Pneumonia; Respiratory infections; Vaccination programs; Vaccines; Arctic; Nunavik; Canada
• Online Access: https://dx.doi.org/10.5443/11446; https://www.polardata.ca/pdcsearch/?doi_id=11446

The evaluation will be carried out by comparing frequency rates for different indicators in three birth cohorts that did not receive 7-PCV or TIV (1994-1996), in six cohorts that received the vaccines but not every dose in the complete vaccination schedule (1997-2002), and in three cohorts that benefited from the routine vaccination program combining 7-PCV and TIV and received the complete schedule (2003-2005). The information sources used will include the provincial hospitalizations database ("fichier Med-Echo"), the database of invasive pneumococcal strains received by the provincial reference laboratory ("fichier LABO"), vaccination and medical records held by hospitals and dispensaries, as well as the results of audiology screening and diagnostic examinations. In Nunavik, audiology screening is a routine procedure at or around age 5 and combines audiometry, tympanometry and otoscopy. This program, which was introduced in 1984, offers a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact of vaccination on audiological sequelae attributable to otitis media. : Purpose: In the Nunavik region (province of Quebec, Canada), hospitalizations for pneumonia are far more frequent than in the rest of Quebec and it is estimated that a quarter of all children in the region have a hearing deficit by age 5. In spring 2002, a routine immunization program for newborns using the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7-PCV) was introduced, along with a catch-up program for children between the ages of two months and 5 years. In fall 2003, the decision was made to offer a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) to all children aged 6-23 months. The goal of the study is to evaluate the impact of this dual vaccination program and to study for the first time the ability of 7-PCV combined with TIV to prevent respiratory infections and otitis sequelae in a highly vulnerable population. It involves the retrospective follow-up to age 5 of 12 birth cohorts, namely children born between 1994 and 2005. : Summary: In Nunavik, children are admitted to hospitals for pneumonia more frequently than anywhere else in Quebec and it is estimated that one quarter of all children suffer from hearing loss by the age of five. Recently, immunization programs have been introduced to address these issues; however, there has been no formal evaluation of the effectiveness of these programs. This project is analysing the medical records of approximately 3,000 children born in Nunavik between 1994 and 2005 to verify whether vaccination reduces the number of respiratory infections, prescriptions for antibiotics, hospitalizations and hearing disorders. The results of this study could be used to inform vaccination programs for all populations living in the Arctic.